ÑíÁLOLNWHQ PÖKHQGLVOLðH YH Lí LQVDQOÜðÜQD
\àOàQGD PHVOHN OLVHVLQL ELWLUHUHN .DUD\ROODUàģQGD LĀ¨L RODUDN LĀH EDĀOD GàP \àO ¨DOàĀWàP \àO L¨HULVLQGH KHP NHQGLPLQ JHOLĀPHVL KHP GH ½ONHPH GDKD ID]OD ID\GDOà RODELOPHN L¨LQ WDKVLOLPH GHYDP HWPHPLQ ID\GDOà RODFDØàQà G½Ā½QG½P <àOGà] 7HNQLN 2NXOXģQXQ LPWL KDQODUàQD JLUGLP ND]DQGàP .DUD\ROODUà GD EXUV YHUHUHN EHQL GHVWHNOHGL 1 1 \àOàQGD P½KHQGLV ROGXP 1 ģGH GH \½NVHN OL VDQVàPà WDPDPODGàP 0H]XQL\HW VRQUDVà .DUD\ROODUàģQD P½KHQGLV RODUDN G·QG½P .DUD\ROODUàģQàQ ELU ·]HOOLØL YDUGà P½KHQ GLVOHUL LĀEDĀà \DSWàUPDGDQ ·QFH D\ V½UH\ OH PDNLQH SDUNàQGD EXOXQDQ PDNLQHOHULQ WDQàWàPàQà \DSà\RU ¨DOàĀPD SUHQVLSOHULQL NXOODQàPàQà DUà]DODUàQà YH EDNàPODUàQà ·Ø UHWLS RQGDQ VRQUD PHVXOL\HW YHUL\RUGX
$PHULND SDUDVÜ\OD ELOH \HGHN SDUÁD YHUPHGL
%X HØLWLPLPL WDPDPODGàNWDQ VRQUD .D UD\ROODUģàQGD $W·O\H ÿHŅ RODUDN LĀH EDĀOD GàP 1 \àOàQGD .àEUàV %DUàĀ àNDUPDVà ROGX .àEUàV %DUàĀ àNDUPDVàģQà P½WHDNL EHQ .DUD\ROODUà $PHULNDģGD SDUDVàQàQ RO PDVàQD UDØPHQ PDNLQHOHULQLQ \HGHN SDU ¨DVàQà DODPDPD\OD NDUĀà NDUĀà\D NDOGà %L] R ]DPDQ ĥ1H \DSDUà]"Ħ GL\H G½Ā½QG½N YH EXQD ¨DUH RODUDN SL\DVD LPN£QODUà\OD .DUD\ROODUàģQàQ LPN£QODUà\OD ELU¨RN SDU ¨D\à NHQGL E½Q\HPL]GH \DSWàN +HU \DSWà ØàPà] SDU¨D NHQGLPL]H ELUD] GDKD J½YHQ YHUGL .HQGLPL]L ELUD] GDKD PRWLYH HWWL %LU VRQUDNL L¨LQ ELU WHFU½EH VDKLEL ROGXN
e +ñ'520(.nLQ WHPHOOHUL DWÜOÜ\RU
(VNLGHQ EHUL KD\DOLPGH RODQ NHQGL LĀL PL NXUPDNWà .DUD\ROODUàģQGD LĀ PDNLQHOHUL EDNàPà\OD NXOODQàOPDVà\OD UHYL]\RQX\ OD GHQH\LP ND]DQPDP EDQD J½YHQ YHUGL ßGDUL NRQXODUGD GD GHQH\LP VDKLEL ROPXĀ WXP 1 \àOàQD JHOLQFH .DUD\ROODUàģQGDQ D\UàOàS NHQGL LĀLPL NXUPD\D NDUDU YHUGLP 6LWHOHUģGH DHPLUFLOHU 6LWHVL WDUDIàQGD ¨L PHQWR YH GHPLU GHSRVX RODUDN NXOODQàODQ
PHWUHNDUH E½\½NO½Ø½QGH ELU \HUL NLUD ODGàN 1H ¨DOàĀPD ĀDUWODUà X\JXQ QH GH ¨HYUH X\JXQ ßĀ PDNLQHVL UHYL]\RQX\OD EDĀODGàN \HGHN SDU¨D LPDODWàQà GD GHYDP HWWLUGLN $\Qà ]DPDQGD .DUD\ROODUàģQGD EHQGH E½ \½N ELOJL EàUDNDQ LĀ PDNLQHOHULQLQ WHPHOL RODFDN ]LUDDW WUDNW·UOHULQH NHS¨H NDQDO ND]à Fà DWDĀPDQà \DSPD\D EDĀODGàN <DSWàØàPà] DWDĀPDQODU WDUàP WUDNW·U½Q½Q LĀ PDNLQHVL JLEL NXOODQàOà\RUGX
2 J½QOHUGH ]DWHQ DHPLUHO +½N½PHWL GL\RUGX NL ĥ VHQWH PXKWDFà]Ħ +L¨ELU ĀH\L GàĀDUàGDQ DODPà\RUGXN .DQDO ND]àFà \DSDFDØà] YDOņHULQ LWKDO ROPDVà OD]àP \HU OL LPDODWà \RN 1H \DSDFDØà]" 7DVDUàPà\OD LOJLOL ßVWDQEXOģGD ELU WDNàP LQVDQODUOD J· U½ĀW½N \DSWàN 6LOLQGLU SRPSD \DSàODFDN \DSWàN 7DUàP WUDNW·UOHULQLQ LĀ PDNLQHVLQH G·Q½Ā½P½\OH ROXĀDQ PDNLQHOHU EL]L WDWPLQ HWPL\RUGX )DNDW R WDULKWH ELU¨RN EHOHGL \H EL]LP PDNLQHOHULPL]L DOàS KL]PHWOH ULQL J·U½\RUODUGà +DWWD 1 \àOàQGD W½P $QNDUDģQàQ GRØDOJD] ERUXODUàQàQ NDQDOOD UàQà EL]LP WUDNW·U NHS¨HOHULPL] ND]Gà %X WUDNW·U NHS¨HOHU WDP DQODPà\OD ELU LĀ PDNL QHVL GHØLOGL DLUHNVL\RQX PHNDQLN KLGUR OLØH ¨HYLUL\RUGXN DNVODU ]D\àI NXYYHWOHQ GLUL\RUGXN
+0.
RUWD\D ÁÜNÜ\RU
D·UW D\Uà \HUGH \HULPL] ROGX DPD KHSVL GH ¨LPHQWR GHSRVX .DELQ JHOL\RU NDP\RQ OD 1 NLĀL LQGLUL\RUī ßVWDQEXO \ROX ½]HULQ GH ELU DUVD VDWàQ DOGàN UHWLP NRQXVXQGD EHOOL ELU GHQH\LP VDKLEL ROPXĀWXN $\Qà ]DPDQGD VHUPD\H ELULNLPLPL] GH ROPXĀWX =DPDQ EX LĀH X\JXQ ELU PDNLQHQLQ \DSàP ]DPDQà\Gà 1 ģGD 7½UN VHUPD\HVL 7½UN GL]D\Qà YH WDPDPà 7½UN PDOà RODQ +0. PDNLQHPL]L \DSWàN NHS¨HGHQ VRQUD
1 \àOàQGD EL]LP L¨LQ G·Q½P QRNWDVà RODQ ELU ROD\ ROGX )UDQVDģGD WHOHKDQGOHU NRQXVXQGD G½Q\DQàQ ELU QXPDUDOà ŅUPD Và 0DQLWRX ŅUPDVà YDU *LWWLP ĥ6L]LQOH LĀ ELUOLØL \DSPDN LVWL\RUXP Ħ GHGLP *HOGLOHU JLWWLOHU 0½]DNHUHOHU VRQUDVà ELU SD]DUODPD ŅUPDVà RUWDNOàØà NXUDFDØà] àVUDU HGL\RUODU ĥ<½]GH ģGHQ ID]ODVà EL]LP Ħ NDEXO HWPH GLN ĥ RODFDN Ħ GHGLN LOH EDĀOD GàN $\Qà ]DPDQGD RUDGD \DSàODQ ½U½QOHUL EX ŅUPD VDWDFDN EL] GH ELU PRGHO PDNLQH \L IDEULNDPà]GD LPDO HGHFHØL] 6LQFDQģGDNL IDEULND\à \DSDUNHQ 0DQLWRXģQXQ SDWURQX JHOGL .HQGLVLQH ĥ%XUD\à WDPDPHQ P½KHQ GLVOLN E½URVX \DSDFDØà] Ħ GHPLĀWLP DHGL NL ĥ%HQ VHQLQ \HULQGH ROVDP EXUD\à ·QFH SD]DUODPDFà VDWàFàODUOD GROGXUXUGXP Ħ 2 J½QH NDGDU P½ĀWHUL JHOL\RU EL]H VLSDULĀ YHUL\RU 6LSDULĀ DODQ GXUXPXQGD\GàN %X EL]LP NDIDPà]D GDQN HWWL %XQXQ ¨RN ID\ GDVàQà J·UG½N YH 1 \àOàQGD GD LON GHID WHOHKDQGOHUL 7½UNL\HģGH LPDO HWPLĀ ROGXN
1 ģD NDGDU JH¨HQ 1 \àO L¨HULVLQGH NHQGLPL]L JHOLĀWLUPHN GDKD NXUXPVDO ĀLU NHW RODELOPHN PDNVDGà\OD ¨DOàĀPDODUàPà]à V½UG½UG½N 1 \àOàQD JHOLQFH NHQGLPL] GHQ HPLQ ROGXN \DSWàØàPà] PDNLQHOHUL \XUW GàĀàQD GD VDWDELOLUL] \àOàQD JHOLQFH EHNR ORGHUOHULPL] YDU EDĀDUà\OD ¨DOàĀà\RU \XUW GàĀàQD LKUD¨ HGL\RUX] %XQXQ \DQàQD ½U½Q JDPàPà]à JHQLĀOHWPHPL] OD]àP \àOàQGD WDVDUàPà NQRZ KRZģX ½UHWLP WHN QRORMLVL EL]H DLW RODQ WRQOXN ELU HNVND YDW·U WDVDUODGàN JHOLĀWLUGLN 2QGDQ VRQUD
WRQXQX WRQXQX YH ELU¨RN PRGHOLQL \DSWàN
ñVSDQ\D )UDQVD 5XV\D RILVOHUL DÁÜOÜ\RU
\àOàī ßKUDFDWàPà] E½\½\RU $YUXSDģ\D D¨àOPDPà] OD]àP ßVSDQ\Dģ\D GD LKUDFDWàPà] Kà]Oà JLGL\RU DPD RUDGDQ DUDGD ELU ĥ<HGHN SDU¨D WDP ]DPDQàQGD JHOPL \RU VHUYLV SUREOHPL YDU Ħ VHVOHUL JHOL\RU ĥ(\YDK %L] EXUDGD NDOàFà RODPD\DFDØà] KHPHQ JLGHOLP RUDGD ELU LĀ \HUL D¨DOàP Ħ GHGLN YH D¨WàN RN GD GRØUX ELU ĀH\ \DS PàĀà] ÿX DQGD LVSDQ\D GD L\L GXUXPGD\à] )UDQVDģGD RŅVLPL] YDU $YUXSD ½ONHOHULQLQ LGDUHVL RUDGDQ \DSàOà\RU 1 \àOàQGD EXQD EHQ]HU ELU ĀH\L 5XV\DģGD NXUPDN L¨LQ WH ĀHEE½V HWWLN YH NXUGXN
.D]DQFÜPÜ]Ü LíLPL]H \DWÜUÜ\RUX]
.D]DQFàPà]à V½UHNOL LĀLPL]H \DWàUà\R UX] %HQ ĀLUNHWWHQ EXJ½QH NDGDU VDGHFH PDDĀ DODQ ELU LQVDQàP 0DDĀàPGDQ ID]OD DOGàØàPGD D\ EDĀàQGD PDDĀàPGDQ NHVL\RU ODU %L] ELU LĀH RGDNODQGàN <DWàUàPODUàPà ]à KHS ·]VHUPD\HPL]OH \DSWàN ßVUDIWDQ YH O½NVWHQ NHVLQOLNOH ND¨àQGàN 7DNàP ¨DOàĀ PDVàQD ·QHP YHUGLN QHUL YH HOHĀWLULOHUL GLNNDWOH GLQOHGLN %HQ ELU \HUH JLWWLØLP ]DPDQ ELU PDNLQHPL]L J·UG½Ø½P ]DPDQ RSHUDW·U½Q \DQàQD JLGHU ĥ%X PDNLQH LOH LOJLOL WDQH VRUXQ V·\OH %LU WDQH GDKD V·\OHUVHQ ELU DOWàQ YHUHFHØLP ELU GDKD V·\OHUVHQ ELU DOWàQ GDKD Ħ GHUGLP +HU J·U G½Ø½P RSHUDW·UH PDNLQH VDKLELQH ĥ%HQL HOHĀWLU QH HNVLØLP YDUVD QH ·QGHULQ YDUVD V·\OH Ħ ULFDVàQGD EXOXQXUGXP