RISING CHALLENGES
CLIMATE DISRUPTION IS GROWING, WITH RECENT WATER-RELATED DISASTERS, SUCH AS STORMS, FLOODING AND DROUGHT, FORCING 2.6 MILLION PEOPLE FROM THEIR HOMES
Last year brought new records for sea-level rise, ocean temperature, greenhouse gas concentrations and ocean acidification, according to a new UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) climate report card.
The climate crisis is getting worse, and UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres marked the report’s release by calling on rich countries to share the intellectual property for energy technologies that can accelerate the badly-needed transition away from fossil fuels.
Guterres admonished countries to fast-track infrastructure build-out and eliminate bureaucracy that stands in the way. Batteries and related power-storage technology should be treated as “freely available public goods,” he said. He also singled out fossil fuel subsidies, that “every minute of every day” grant $11m to coal, oil and gas companies.
Guterres called it “a dismal litany of humanity’s failure to tackle climate disruption.”
Critical assessments
The report adds detail to the three major assessments published by the UN’s climate-science panel in recent months. The global sea level has risen by an average of 4.5 millimetres a year for 2013-2021, driven mostly by melting ice sheets. Differences in temperature and salinity affect local rates, so the oceans rise at different speeds. Scientists have observed accelerated rise in the western North Pacific, southwestern Pacific, South Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans. Carbon dioxide concentrations peak every year at this time, as Northern Hemisphere vegetation draws down the most important warming gas. CO₂, methane and nitrous oxide are up 149 per cent, 262 per cent and 123 per cent over their pre-industrial levels.
Six independently maintained temperature data sets found 2021 to be 1.1° Celsius higher than the second half of the 19th century. A La Niña, or temporary cooling pattern in the Pacific, left last year in the top five to seven hottest years on record.
The rising ocean temperature –“which is irreversible on centennial to millennial timescales,” the WMO writes – led 2021 to beat the previous record, set in 2020, for the top two kilometers of water. It’s not only heat that’s a problem. Oceans absorb about 23 per cent of the
CO₂ that people emit. That keeps temperatures rising as fast as they otherwise would, but also changes marine chemistry in a way that may prove challenging to many ecosystems.
Ozone holes are growing again as climate change exacerbates stratospheric cold spells. Water-related disasters, including storms, flooding and drought, forced 2.6 million people from their homes in just three countries: China, Vietnam and the Philippines.
What’s next
Shaun Fitzgerald, director of Cambridge’s Centre for Climate Repair, “We will see many more millions of climate refugees as severe weather events increase in frequency and severity, and with sea level rising every year we will see more and more coastal regions being overcome.”
Guterres’ remarks unified the WMO’s science – and risk-focused report with policy initiatives that he hopes countries will take on. Public and private renewable-power investments need to triple to at least $4tn a year, Guterres said, noting the up-front funding nature that solar and wind power require. By 2024, he said, development banks and financial institutions should end financing to high-emissions activities.
(Bloomberg)
We will see many more millions of climate refugees as severe weather events increase in frequency and severity, and with sea level rising every year we will see more and more coastal regions being overcome”