The pressure of comfort
Grid failure was blamed on states consuming more than their allotted power quotas
Every evening before Indian executive Sushmita Rao leaves her Delhi office, she phones her maid to switch on the air conditioner so her apartment is refreshingly cool when she arrives home.
“I work in an air-conditioned office and I suffocate if my place isn’t cool,” said Rao, one of hundreds of millions of Indians who went without electricity in the world’s worst blackout.
The monster grid failure was blamed on greedy states consuming more than their allotted power quotas as they sought to meet spikes in demand.
Part of the demand surge comes from Indians adopting electricity-guzzling lifestyles which adds to the strain on the grid from industrial users and businesses in Asia’s third-largest economy.
“As India’s middle class broadens, there’s a heavier burden on energy demand as people buy appliances for a better quality of life,” Will Pearson, global energy analyst at London-based Eurasia Group, said.
Experts warn blackouts like those that knocked out power to one half of India’s 1.2 population last Monday and Tuesday, could be the way of the future unless the government fixes the creaking electricity sector.
“We’re growing through a major societal transformation... we will need more and more power to fuel our industries, consumer goods, our malls, our offices,” said Arvind Singhal, chairman of leading retail consultancy Technopak.
“Unless planners recognise this, we’re going to see many more failures on the scale of the ones we saw.”
There are 470 million people in what global consultancy PwC calls the “emerging middle class” — those sandwiched between the lowest income group and the middle class.
Upwardly mobile
Though they earn modest sums, collectively they have large purchasing power, PwC says. The middle class numbers 160 million according to India’s National Council for Applied Economic Research — bigger than the populations of Russia or Japan — and is seen rising to 267 million by 2016.
Air conditioners, microwave ovens, toasters and washing machines are possessions that distinguish India’s upwardly mobile and have become increasingly available and afford- able since pro-market reforms of the 1990s. Consumer attitudes in India to air conditioners have “witnessed a paradigm shift” in recent years from luxury product to domestic necessity, consultancy TechSci noted, forecasting the AC market will expand annually by 14 per cent for the next five years.
Indian summers see the mercury rise above 50C in many areas, and these are followed by the sticky, humid monsoon season. Ad manager Rao is one of an increasing number of Indians who work in air-conditioned offices, shop in airconditioned malls and dine in air-conditioned restaurants.
Rao, who lives alone, says she has a washing machine — “it’s easier for my maid” — two TVs, air conditioners in every room, an entertainment system, laptop, hairdryer and a host of other electronic devices.
“I use a lot of electricity but it’s my lifestyle — I like to be comfortable,” she says.