‘Jewel of Roman Empire’ held ransom to ravages of time and war
Presence of armed rival groups inside Libya’s archaeological sites poses permanent peril
Perched on the edge of Libya’s Mediterranean coast, the ancient city of Sabratha remains an awe-inspiring spectacle, the pink columns of its amphitheatre towering above turquoise waters.
But the world heritage site is classed as “endangered” by Unesco, its majestic structures pockmarked by mortar and small arms fire.
Shell casings and bullets still litter the surrounding earth, a year after clashes between rival armed groups. Locals say snipers positioned themselves at the top of the amphitheatre, once a jewel of the Roman Empire.
Bringing bloodshed back to the gladiatorial arena some 18 centuries after it was built, 39 people were killed and 300 ■ wounded in the fighting.
Today, the site around 70km from the capital lies eerily abandoned, encircled by parched grass and weeds.
Since the toppling and killing of Libya’s dictator Muammar Gaddafi in a 2011 uprising, Sabratha has become a key departure point for illegal migration. Smugglers and militias have profited amply from a chronic security vacuum.
Escape to Europe
It is from the long and deserted shores a few kilometres from ancient Sabratha that most migrants start their perilous boat journeys towards Europe.
Unesco declared Sabratha to be at risk in July 2016, along with four other Libyan sites on its World Heritage list.
The UN’s cultural organisation based its decision on two factors — “damage already caused” and vulnerability future destruction.
It noted that “armed groups are present on these sites or in their immediate proximity”.
Experts fear worse is to come for the country’s historic sites, as armed groups continue to vie for ascendancy.
Libya’s archaeological heritage is at great risk, warns Mohammad Al Chakchouki, head of the North African country’s department of antiquities.
The “entrenchment of armed groups inside archaeological sites and the battles which have unfolded near the sites, including Sabratha, pose a permanent danger”, he told AFP.
The conservation of sites was once entrusted to western teams. But these experts have not travelled to Libya “for four years, because of the chaos and insecurity”, said Al Chakchouki.
Spread out over 90 hectares, including a part engulfed by the sea, Sabratha is one of three former cities that constituted to Roman Tripolitania.
The others are Oea — modern-day Tripoli — and Leptis Magna in western Libya that was one of the sites classed as endangered by Unesco two years ago.
At the mercy of the scorching summer sun and the salty sea breeze, Sabratha suffers from stone erosion and degradation, said Mohammad Abu Ajela, an official at the city’s office of antiquities.
But the “damage caused by man is a greater fear”, he said.
A Spanish archaeological mission recently visited Sabratha and signed an agreement to restore some areas, including the theatre. But completion of the work “depends on the security situation”, Ajela said.
Alongside armed conflict, several protected Libyan sites are threatened by uncontrolled urban expansion. Looting is another threat to these sites, with illicit excavation and smuggling of antiquities.