Pressure on Haqqania to preach peace
islamabad — Afghanistan’s ambassador to Pakistan has visited the socalled ‘University of Jihad’ so often that he’s become good friends with the hardline cleric who runs it.
Omar Zakhilwal’s unusual pilgrimage to the Darul Uloom Haqqania madrasa, near Peshawar, is central to his efforts to convince the Taleban-supporting school to preach peace. It’s a longer-term, non-military approach to the conflict that envisages a tripling of trade flows between Pakistan-Afghanistan, the departure of US troops and better military and intelligence cooperation.
The bespectacled diplomat stressed in three separate visits since December that the influential preacher Maulana Samiul Haq — whose seminary trained Taleban leaders Mullah Omar and Akhtar Mohammed Mansour — had a responsibility to end a conflict that is killing innocent Muslims.
“I didn’t have any reservations,” said Zakhilwal in an interview at the Afghan embassy in Islamabad of his visits to the controversial school. “It’s an obligation, a religious obligation, that he uses his influence and religious credentials to lessen that suffering.”
Pakistan has long been accused of allowing Afghan Taleban fighters sanctuary within its borders. Zakhilwal’s appeal to Samiul Haq underscores the complexity of ending the 16-year war in Afghanistan and the need for a political solution that draws in Taleban fighters who have fought an insurgency against USbacked forces. With China spending more than $50 billion on planned infrastructure projects in Pakistan, he also hopes Beijing may use its economic leverage to push Islamabad towards a peace deal.
It won’t be easy. America’s longest war is destabilising South Asia and costing Washington roughly $23 billion per year. It’s holding back economic growth in Pakistan, the region’s second-largest economy, although a sustained crackdown by Pakistan’s military has gone some way to improving security and boosting confidence in the economy.
The Taleban, however, are unlikely to come to the table because they believe the Kabul government is weak and US strategy is in disarray. Last week, Senator John McCain said US President Donald Trump has “no strategy at all” amid a State Department policy review.
Zakhilwal is “doing this because he thinks it offers some opportunity at a time when other alternatives really look very unpromising,” said Ashley Tellis, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, who previously advised the US government on policy in the region. “The best he’s going to get is a patchwork solution with local ceasefires in some areas. The metric for success will be much more unclear. Because it’s not going to be peace or war. It will be peace and war.”
Although Islamabad has cracked down on militants targeting Pakistan, the US accuses the country of supporting insurgents who strike inside Afghanistan and India, including US-designated terrorist group the Haqqani Network. Both Pakistan’s government and its military have consistently denied they have given sanctuary or support to the militants.
After an explosion killed at least 150 people in Kabul on May 31, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani said Pakistan was waging an “undeclared war of aggression” against his country, an accusation Islamabad said was “unwarranted.”
Zakhilwal said relations have improved, despite Ghani’s comments, noting Pakistan had stopped forcing Afghan refugees to return to Afghanistan. However, the larger issue of Pakistan’s support for the Afghan Taleban remains unresolved.
“Pakistan can do more to use whatever influence they have on the Taleban,” said Zakhilwal, a former Afghan finance minister. “For peace with the Taleban, Pakistan has some influence. Direct interaction could be certainly helpful.”
Zakhilwal is also hoping Beijing will assert “influence over Pakistan,” pushing it towards peace in order to secure a better investment climate for billions worth of projects in the
$1.6b was Pakistan-afghanistan trade in 2016 and is on the decline
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. “China could only be genuinely interested in peace in Afghanistan for its investments in Pakistan,” he said. “China is a next-door neighbour to both countries. Instability in any of these countries does not serve China’s interest.”
China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not immediately respond to faxed questions.
Afghanistan-Pakistan trade — totalling only $1.6 billion in 2016 — has declined, and Pakistan’s efforts to construct a fence along the entire border could impact hundreds of millions worth of informal trade, Zakhilwal said. The ambassador added that he is trying to “compartmentalise trade” in discussions with Pakistani officials to potentially triple trade flows, helping to reduce the poverty that drives people towards militancy and the opium trade, of which Afghanistan is the world’s biggest producer.
“If we have lawlessness there will be drugs,” he said.
Zakhilwal hopes preachers such as Samiul Haq can use their influence for peace and said he “certainly has done things which show he wants to be helpful.”
“Whatever the influence of Maulana is, I do believe it could be used for peace and stability in Afghanistan,” he said, using the preacher’s honorific. “I put him on the phone with President Ghani in one of my meetings.”
Analysts aren’t sure that will work. Carnegie’s Tellis said Pakistan’s goal continues to be a weak and “subordinate” Afghanistan. And current battlefield commanders oppose any talks while American soldiers remain in Afghanistan, said Abdul Basit, an associate research fellow at Singapore’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies.
“When Kabul is struggling, when Washington is struggling with its own Afghan policy, why should the Taleban come to the table?” Basit said. “If anyone has influence, it’s the Pakistani military establishment.” — Bloomberg