Immune response lasts six months after infection

london — A small but key UK study has found that ‘cellular immunity’ to the pandemic Sars-CoV-2 virus is present after six months in people who had mild or asymptomatic Covid-19 — suggesting they might have some level of protection for at least that time.

Scientists presenting the findings, from 100 non-hospitalised Covid-19 patients in Britain, said they were “reassuring” but did not mean people cannot in rare cases be infected twice with the disease.

“While our findings cause us to be cautiously optimistic about the strength and length of immunity generated after SarsCoV-2 infection, this is just one piece of the puzzle,” said Paul Moss, a professor of haematology at Britain’s Birmingham University who co-led the study.

“There is still a lot for us learn be

fore we have a full understanding of how immunity to Covid-19 works.”

Experts not directly involved with the study said its findings were important and would add to a growing body of knowledge about potential protective immunity to Covid-19.

The study, which has not yet been

peer-reviewed by other experts but was published online on bioRxiv, analysed the blood of 100 patients six months after they had had either mild or asymptomatic Covid-19. It found that while some of the patients’ antibody levels had dropped, their T-cell response — another key part of the immune system — remained robust.

“(Our) early results show that T-cell responses may outlast the initial antibody response,” said Shamez Ladhani, a consultant epidemiologist at Public Health England who co-led the work.

The study also found the size of Tcell response differed, and was considerably higher in people who had had symptomatic Covid-19 than those who had no symptoms when infected.

The researchers said this could be interpreted in two ways: It is possible that higher cellular immunity might give better protection against re-infection in people who had symptoms, or equally, that asymptomatic patients are better able to fight off the virus without the need to generate a large immune response. —