Palestinians inside Israel continue to defy today

During the past year, I've had the pleasure of receiving visits from Ayman Odeh, Ahmad Tibi and Basel Ghattas as they passed through Washington. All are Palestinian citizens of Israel. And all are members of the Israeli Knesset, part of the Joint Arab List that won a record 13 seats in the last Israeli election. It was a delight to sit with them and learn about the difficulties they face and the progress they have made.

I have previously written about how I first became attached to the Arab community in Israel. It was the insightful Palestinian novelist Ghassan Kanafani who caused me to divert my doctoral dissertation research from the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon to the Palestinian Arabs who remained in their homes after Israel was created in 1948. He gave me two reasons. While much had already been written about the refugees, there was an absence of good literature about the Palestinians "inside" and, he said, they are the most promising component group of the Palestinian people since they have been forged like steel in the hearth of Israel. Facing enormous difficulties, they have developed a uniquely progressive identity and, he believed, the day would come when they would be in a position to provide real visionary leadership for the entire Palestinian people. My meetings with Mr Odeh, Mr Tibi and Mr Ghattas have given me the sense that Ghassan may have been right. These are remarkable individuals, part of a movement that has faced down the Israeli government while defending their rights and securing their political role.

For the first three decades, the Arabs in Israel couldn't form political parties or join unions, these were reserved for Zionists or Jews. They lived under a draconian and discriminatory legal system. They lost their lands to confiscation. The Israeli education system forced them to study Hebrew and Jewish history instead of their own language and history. And those who resisted, were imprisoned or expelled.

Like other civil rights movements, these Palestinian citizens of Israel used every available opening to win their rights, facing down arrests, expulsions and lethal violence. While tremendous problems remain, Palestinian citizens in Israel now form political parties, join unions and teach their language and history. They still face systemic racism in housing, employment, education and allocation of the state's budget and yet they have built and sustained a fighting force that continues to press their demands for justice and equality. In creating their Joint List, the Palestinian citizens of Israel have forged a remarkable national unity bringing together diverse political currents: nationalists, traditionalists and progressives. Benjamin Netanyahu's far-right governing coalition has stepped up its assault on the Arab community in an effort to break their resolve. Israel has created a fake new identity for Christians in an effort to divide the Arabs on the basis of religion. They have charged some Arab Knesset members with "incitement" for advocating on behalf of their Palestinian brethren living under the suffocating economic embargo imposed on Gaza. Israel has passed laws prohibiting Arabs and progressive Jews from supporting the non-violent boycott movement protesting against Israel's settlement policy and making it more difficult for them to receive grants from the EU to promote democracy and human rights. None of these repressive measures have broken their resolve or unity.

In addition to my earlier studies, I have, in recent years, polled the Palestinian Arab citizens in Israel, as well as the Palestinians living under occupation and those in exile. Of all of the component parts of the Palestinian people, the Arabs in Israel are the most forward looking and the most committed to achieving justice for the entire Palestinian people. And as I have watched Mr Odeh, Mr Tibi and Mr Ghattas in action, I have been impressed by their political savvy. Unlike the divided and visionless leadership of the Palestinian Authority and Hamas, the members of the Joint List have vision, a sound political sense of tactics and strategy, and a demonstrated ability to connect with the people they serve. While it is correct to acknowledge that Israel has done everything it could to weaken, punish, discredit and divide the Palestinian leadership under occupation, the Israelis have been no less harsh in the treatment meted out to their own Palestin- ian citizenry. In this context, it is significant to note that while the efforts of several Arab states have failed, it has fallen on the shoulders of the High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel (the collective leadership of the Arab community in Israel) to bring about reconciliation between the Palestinian factions of Fatah and Hamas.

I have just finished reading a compelling Haaretz article "Stop with the Nonsense that Palestinians Are a Minority In Israel". The writer Gideon Levy argues that since Israel has refused to separate from the occupied territories and continues to entrench its settler colonies deeper into the heart of the West Bank and the Arab areas of what they call "Greater Jerusalem", the "era of the two state solution [is drawing] to a close" and has been replaced by a de facto "bi-national state" in which the numbers of Jews and Arabs are roughly equal. In this new reality, Arabs are not a minority, they are half of the population.

If this is to remain the case, and I see no evidence that the Netanyahu government will change direction, then the Palestinian struggle will inevitably be transformed from one demanding independence into a movement demanding equal rights.

This will merely be an extension of the fight that the "inside" Palestinians have been waging for seven decades. If this is to be the case, we may well see the day when the Palestinian citizens of Israel will emerge, as Kanafani predicted, as the new leadership of a unified Palestinian community fighting for justice and equality.