‘The street is making clear its desire for new faces to represent them’
Lebanon’s political upheaval could be contained if a civil government representing the protest movement takes over in exchange for the Hezbollah-backed president remaining in power, according to Lebanese constitutional expert Chibli Mallat.
Mr Mallat, the author of several works on law and nonviolent political change, told The
National that Prime Minister Saad Hariri had made a grave error by not resigning as demanded by protesters.
The prime minister made it clear yesterday that he would stay in office after his coalition Cabinet met his 72-hour ultimatum to approve a package of economic reforms that no government in the past 29 years has managed to carry out.
Mr Hariri returned to power this year as a result of a deal that increased the influence of Hezbollah over state organisations and foreign policy. But with the country facing its worst economic crisis since the civil war that ended in 1990, even supporters of the powerful Shiite group have joined the calls for the toppling of Lebanon’s entire political class.
Mr Mallat said Mr Hariri had greatly damaged himself by standing by as “Hezbollah dictated a shift of our government to an increasingly Iranian and Syrian [regime] agenda”.
Central to this shift has been Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil, for whom the demonstrators have reserved their strongest abuse.
“Hariri did not resign at the end of the 72 hours that he suggested. We can be sure that the street will attack him in a very demeaning way like Mr Bassil,” Mr Mallat said.
“His second mistake of course is the economic collapse that his inactivity and the corruption that continued under his rule have brought.”
Mr Mallat said the protest movement’s lack of leadership was not a disadvantage to it.
“The advantage to that problem is that there is no easy target for the counter-revolution.
“The disadvantage is that you need a unifying voice. I think there are quite a lot of burgeoning leaderships,” he said.
Mr Mallat said the mass participation of young people and women should be reflected in a new government in which half of Lebanon’s ministers were under 30 and half of the portfolios went to women.
“It would be a signal of the success of the revolution,” said the 59-year-old law professor, who taught at Harvard and Princeton and ran for president after the Cedar Revolution of 2005. Mr Mallat organised protests in 2016 over the post remaining vacant because of political deadlock.
Yesterday, he warned against relying on the term “technocratic” to make superficial Cabinet changes that would end up not meeting the aspirations of the demonstrators.
“I don’t like this word. The Cabinet would be political in the sense that it would be comprised of people who want to manage the country properly and cleanly. This does not mean they are not political. They are just not from party lines,” he said.
“The street is making very clear its desire to see altogether new faces to represent them.”
However Hezbollah, the only militia in Lebanon officially allowed to hold arms, hinted that it would move on to the streets if the protesters marched to remove President Michel Aoun, its main Christian ally and father-in-law of Mr Bassil.
Mr Mallat said the protest movement’s cross-sectarian goals and its striving for equality before the law have contributed to its mass appeal, and made it more difficult for the demonstrations to be put down by force.
But the protesters will need to take practical steps to outmanoeuvre those seeking to maintain the status quo.
Mr Mallat dismissed arguments by some of the current ministers that the departure of Mr Hariri, Lebanon’s best-connected politician on the international scene, would create a costly void.
“Every single citizen demonstrating on the street today is better than our president or prime minister, or almost any minister or deputy,” he said.
President Aoun, a former general now in his 80s, made his first comments on the protests yesterday, saying the people were expressing their pain on the streets.
“Mr Aoun should support a civil government and rely on it and enjoy the rest of his presidency,” Mr Mallat said. “But my fear unfortunately is that he will not and we may see very difficult days ahead.”