Soaring food prices and empty shops mean a muted holy month for cash-strapped Lebanon
The lively bustle that usually marks the beginning of Ramadan in Beirut has all but disappeared as the price of goods continues to increase, leaving shops empty.
“You see that bottle of jallab there?” gestures a cashier in a popular supermarket chain in Koraytem, in the east of the capital. He is referring to a thick, dark-brown syrup that is traditionally consumed during the holy month.
“Last year, it cost 9,500 Lebanese pounds. Now its price is 19,500 Lebanese pounds,” he says.
Idle employees wait for rare customers, who are given gloves before entering as part of efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus.
Aside from the occasional beggar, the streets are mostly empty in Koraytem and neighbouring Hamra.
The value of the local currency has been in freefall for the past six months, losing over half its value, although the official peg of 1,500 Lebanese pounds to the US dollar remains officially in place.
Money exchange houses went on strike on Friday – it will last until Monday – as fears mount that the Lebanese pound could drop as low as 4,000 to the dollar after hitting 3,600 on Thursday night.
Although dollars were used interchangeably with the Lebanese pound until late last year, the US currency has all but disappeared from the local market.
As the value of people’s salaries plummet, so does their purchasing power. Most locally sold goods are imported and paid for with US dollars, which means that the overheads of retail outlets have risen dramatically, leaving little room for manoeuvre.
“You think we can do special Ramadan offers? Come on, the Lebanese pound is now worth almost 4,000,” jokes an employee at another branch of the same supermarket chain a few blocks away.
“Nobody buys iPhones any more. The cheapest is worth $800. People purchase cheap brands, and only when they really have to,” says the owner of an electronics shop.
He stopped buying from importers last October when the value of the pound started to fall on the parallel market. “The situation is catastrophic,” he says.
Figures from the World Food Programme show that the price of imported Egyptian rice, a staple food in Lebanon and the region, has risen by 40 per cent in a year, from 1,853
Lebanese pounds a kilogram in March last year to 2,630 pounds a kilo last month.
Because of Lebanon’s dependence on imports, even of raw materials, inflation has also hit the price of locally produced fruit and vegetables. In one shop selling fresh produce, a man said the price of tomatoes had gone up by 20 per cent. “Nothing is normal this year,” says the shop owner.
Last year, farmers bought less imported fertiliser and fewer seeds as importers asked to be paid upfront in cash instead of at the end of the season as they usually do, says Antoine Howayek, the head of the Lebanese farmers’ association. As a result, production decreased by roughly 50 per cent.
Thankfully, the Lebanese buy less, too, otherwise the price of tomatoes would have more than tripled, Mr Howayek says. “If the Lebanese could access their money and there wasn’t this level of poverty, demand would have been at least three times higher than it is today,” he says.
Small shops without enough reserves have little choice but to shut down. Many had already closed within the past six months, but containment measures implemented due to the pandemic mean only a few types of shops are allowed to remain open, including supermarkets, bakeries and phone stores.
The owner of the electronics store, which opened in 2009, says: “I’ve been losing money since January. I only had enough money set aside for six months. I’ll be closing soon.”
There is one positive in all of this, however, he says – that the anti-government protests suspended because of Covid-19 have started to pick up again.
On Thursday afternoon, a big crowd gathered in front of the central bank in Hamra.
“I’d rather not protest now with the threat of coronavirus as I live with elderly members of my family,” he says.
“But as soon as the virus is over, I’ll be on the streets again. My shop will be closed, and there’ll be nothing else to do.”