All About Space

Could asteroids still be forming in the Solar System?

- Dr Patrick Michel is the director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research

Originally asteroids formed in the early phases of the Solar System when the Sun was surrounded by a disc of gas and dust particles, which collided together to form larger bodies. These objects are the leftovers of the planetary building blocks that now mostly reside in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. There is no creation of asteroids by this mechanism anymore because the relative speeds between existing asteroids are too high; therefore when they collide with each other the outcome cannot be an accretion anymore, but rather a disruption.

However, collisions occurring between asteroids sometimes cause the disruption of a large asteroid. Asteroid families, which are identified groups of asteroids sharing the same orbital characteri­stics and compositio­n, are evidence of such disruption­s. Each family is the product of the disruption of a parent body, and family members are the fragments produced by such a disruption. In this sense asteroids are still forming as fragments of larger ones that are disrupted by a collision. In fact, based on our current understand­ing, most asteroids smaller than 50 kilometres (31 miles) in diameter are believed to be at least of the second generation.

 ??  ?? Left: Asteroids can fragment from a parent body, but they no longer form via accretion
Left: Asteroids can fragment from a parent body, but they no longer form via accretion
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