MANGROVES

$ 2.2bn

Mangroves are salt-tolerant bushes that form coastal forests in tropical and subtropical regions. They provide a defence against tsunamis and storms, nurseries for fish, and wood. WWF cites a report that estimates the value of these services service at $186m a year, while a paper published in 2012 calculated that the predicted lossoss of mangroves in South-east Asia would cost $2.2bn a year by 2050.