MAKE THE MOST OF SMALL SPACES

ESPALIER

This is where all but parallel layers of lateral branches are cut off. Fruiting spurs grow up from the lateral branches and all but necessary replacement new growth is pruned back each summer. Espaliered trees can either be grown against a wall or fence or in the open, so you can easily pick from both sides. it is an effective way of growing apples or pears and looks wonderful, but young espaliers need strong support.

CORDON

in This instance, each tree is reduced to a single stem with fruiting spurs along its length. They are normally grown at 45 degrees for a balance of horizontal and vertical growth. Fruiting is limited, but it is an excellent way of growing a lot of varieties in a limited space. Cordons need permanent support.

FAN

This involves a central stem from which splay out diagonal stems, each bearing fruit. This must have a strong fence or wall with fixed wires to tie the fan-trained fruit to. it is commonly used for figs, peaches, nectarines and cherries.

STEPOVER

hErE, the tree is reduced to an upright ‘trunk’ about 45cm high, with one side branch trained laterally in one direction and the stem bent over and trained laterally in the opposite. it needs permanent support, but makes a very productive and decorative edging to a path or border and takes up hardly any space.