The deadly disease that swept through Britain
What is polio?
Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious lifethreatening disease caused by the poliovirus. It can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis within hours. During the early 1950s the UK was rocked by a series of polio epidemics, with as many as 7,000 people suffering paralysis each year. The epidemics ended with the introduction of the oral polio vaccine in 1962.
What are the symptoms?
Most people who contract polio do not have symptoms and will fight off the infection without realising they even had it. Some people will experience flulike symptoms. In up to one in 100 cases, the virus attacks the nerves in the spine and base of the brain.
How is the virus spread?
Infected individuals can excrete the virus in their faeces for several weeks and it can be spread as a result of poor hygiene. It can also be passed on through coughing and sneezing.
What are the danger signs?
Urgent medical attention should be sought if people experience rapid onset of weakness in a limb, which will be floppy, or difficulties with breathing.
Who is at risk?
Polio mainly affects the under-fives, although it can also impact unvaccinated adults. Full vaccination – a minimum of five doses – is needed for complete protection. There is no cure and treatment focuses on easing symptoms.