Leicester clashes ‘fed by fake news’
INCENDIARY TWEETS CAME FROM INDIA GEO-TAGGED HASHTAGS, DATA REVEALS
RUMOUR had it that a Muslim girl had been kidnapped and a Hindu temple had sent masked thugs into combat.
Add in local fury over an India-Pakistan cricket match, and Hindu and Muslim men were soon fighting on the streets of Leicester.
It was a social media storm – mostly cooked up a continent away – that materialised in real life in Leicester, where police made almost 50 arrests and community cohension was left in tatters.
“It is a powerful illustration of how hashtag dynamics on Twitter can use dubious inflammatory claims to ... escalate tensions on the ground,” said a spokesperson at fact-checking site Logically, which analysed the posts’ veracity.
Experts said most of the incendiary tweets, rumours and lies came from India, showing the power of unchecked social media to spread disinformation and stir unrest a continent away.
“I’ve seen quite a selection of the social media stuff which is very, very distorting now and some of it just completely lying about what had been happening between different communities,” Peter Soulsby, Leicester’s mayor, told BBC radio.
Rob Nixon, who runs Leicestershire Police, concurred, telling the BBC that misinformation on social media had played a “huge role” in last month’s unrest.
To counter some of these claims, police took to social media themselves, saying they had fully investigated reports of three men approaching a teenaged girl in an attempted kidnap, and found no truth whatsoever to the online story.
Fact-checkers also found no truth to claims that gangs of masked thugs were bussed into Leicester.
Many of the misleading posts alleging Hindus and Hindu sites were being attacked came from India, data showed. Some 80 per cent of tweets with geographic coordinates, or geo-tagged information, were connected to India, Logically said.
“The ratio of tweets geotagged to the UK versus those geo-tagged to India was remarkably high for what, ostensibly, was a domestic incident,” a spokesperson told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “The involvement of high-profile figures in India setting the discourse was a key element.”
BBC Monitoring said more than half of the 200,000 tweets it investigated came from accounts geo-tagged to India, with hashtags such as #Leicester, #HindusUnderAttack and #HindusUnderattackinUK.
Twitter did not respond to a request for comment.
“The events in Leicester did not happen out of the blue,” said Keval Bharadia at the South Asia Solidarity Group, a British community non-profit. “Friends and family have been sending fake news and misinformation for years. It is a neverending stream of propaganda from troll armies.”.
India’s ministry of home affairs did not respond to a request for comment.
The Indian High Commission in London, in a statement, said it “strongly” condemned the violence against the Indian community in Leicester, and the vandalism of “premises and symbols of Hindu religion”.
“Hindu nationalism is one of the largest disinformation networks in the global south Asian diaspora, with bigoted and often terrifying attacks against caste and religious minorities,” said Thenmozhi Soundararajan of Dalit righs group Equality Labs.
While expatriates have long absorbed content from India, and commented on events, disinformation has mushroomed with the rise of social media platforms, said Pratik Sinha, co-founder of Indian fact checking site AltNews.
“We are so polarised now, and this is particularly true of non-resident Indians who can’t check the reality on the ground,” he said. “Hate speech and misinformation, particularly in regional languages, goes unchecked on social media platforms.”
Much of it emanates from Meta, formerly Facebook, which in 2019 commissioned an independent assessment of its role in spreading hate speech and incitement to violence on its platforms in India, following criticism by civil society groups.
But Meta has since said it would not release the full report, only saying it had “significantly increased” its content moderation workforce for India.
Meanwhile, hate speech and disinformation goes largely unchecked in one of their largest markets, said Sinha. “Misinformation leads to radicalisation, no matter where you are,” he said. “We are seeing the consequences on the ground.”