MAXFIELD PARRISH
The popular American painter celebrated for his escapist paintings of celestial blue skies
‘No matter what art critics may think,’ penned a Time magazine writer in February 1936, ‘art dealers know that, as far as the sale of expensive reproductions is concerned, the three most popular artists in the world are Van Gogh, Cézanne and Maxfield Parrish.’ If anything, the reporter may have understated the case.
Parrish was born in Philadelphia in 1870 into an artistic family that nurtured his talent. By the time he went to art school he was making a living producing illustrations for magazines, and it wasn’t long before he moved on to illustrating calendars, creating prints with a mass-market appeal. He was proudly commercial, calling himself‘abusinessmanwithabrush’.Andbusiness boomed. By 1910, aged 40, he was making $100,000 annually. Daybreak (1922; pictured), a dreamy landscape bisected by two classical pillars, became the most popular print of the 20th century, outselling Warhol’s Campbells’ soup cans and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. At one point a copy hung in one in four American homes.
Part of his appeal was escapism. Much of his work reimagined an Arcadia, a soothing, bucolic idyll populated by muses: playground of the god Pan. But Parrish was also a masterful colourist.
The 1936 Time article quoted a member of the Chicago Institute of Art as saying that Parrish had no imitators because ‘it is just too darned hard work to imitate him’. Each painting began as a monochrome of blue, ‘right from the tube, not mixed with white or anything’, as Parrish would later explain, naming the shades: ‘Ultramarine or the Monastral blues or cobalt for distance and the skies.’ Once the base was complete, he described it as looking ‘for all the world like a blue dinner plate’. He would then painstakinglyapplylayeruponlayeroftransparent glazes and varnish until he achieved a work with the vivid luminosity of petrol splashed on asphalt. Parrish’s blues – all curiously warm, ranging from pale plumbago to the ink of an Aegean dusk – became his signature and acquired a cultural power all of their own. F Scott Fitzgerald, in a short story published two years before Daybreak was painted, referenced this special hue. ‘A deep creamy blue, the colour of a Maxfield Parrish moonlight – a blue that seemed to press close upon the [window] pane.’ He may never have won over the art critics, but his blues insinuated themselves into the popular imagination. They are the blues of happy dreams.
‘PARRISH’S BLUES
BECAME HIS SIGNATURE AND
ACQUIRED A CULTURAL POWER OF THEIR OWN’