Deal with liverworts and moss

Moss and liverworts are often seen on the soil surface in borders in autumn. They tolerate drought and spring into life, covering the soil surface once autumn rain moistens the soil. They’re especially common where weedkillers are used to control weeds and the soil surface isn’t cultivated and becomes compacted. They’re not harmful in themselves but are a sign the soil is airless and not in a good state. Cover with a mulch of compost, which worms will then pull down into the soil, or fork over the surface. Ideally, fork in organic matter to incorporate air and humus into the soil and remove weeds by hand or hoeing rather than rely on chemicals.