KING WILLIAM’S WAR

Away from the European theatre, an Anglo-french war is fought in North America with assistance from Native American allies. Fighting occurs on the northern coast and the Hudson and St Lawrence valleys, with an attack on Port Royal and an intercolonial war in Quebec. The Treaty of Ryswick concludes the conflict.

Comte Frontenac rebuffs English demands to surrender during the Battle of Quebec in 1690, declaring, “I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouth of my cannons and muskets”