ELEVATORS

How do the lift systems in super-tall structures work?

A key contributor to the rise of the skyscraper was the elevator. Elisha Otis invented the first safety elevator in 1852, featuring a mechanism to prevent the car from crashing down if the cable broke. Normal, freight, express and even scenic elevators run through all areas of skyscrapers, although still focused on the highly reinforced central shafts. They contain two-way communication and safety systems to control speed, load capacity and door openings – as well as multiple cables in case one or more should snap. Without lifts, life for office workers and residents would be almost impossible.

Buffer

A heavy-duty shock absorber at the shaft base, usually containing a piston mounted in an oil-filled cylinder.

Winch

Part of a motorised control mechanism situated above each elevator, responsible for raising and lowering the compartment. May or may not contain gears.

Rope

A traction steel cable capable of supporting the weight of a full compartment and counterweight. Typically skyscraper elevators use four to eight ropes each.

Governor

A system of ropes, sheaves and pulleys connected to the compartment and shaft base ensuring the elevator moves at a controlled pace.

Counterweight

Reduces the load carried by the winches and motors. Counterweights and compartments run on guide rails to reduce speed should the rope snap.

Compartment

Capable of carrying around 12 people at about 2.5 metres per second. It features sophisticated weight, speed and temperature sensors.