Zoo closures during pandemic changed primates’ behaviour

PRIMATES spent more time resting and alone, performed more sexual and dominance behaviours, and ate less when zoos and safari parks were closed during the first Covid lockdown, research has suggested.

A study looked at how the behaviour of bonobos, chimpanzees, western lowland gorillas and olive baboons changed as people started to return to zoos.

As visitors came back, bonobos and gorillas spent less time alone and gorillas spent less time resting, the researchers found. Chimpanzees ate more and engaged more with their enclosures when the zoo was open.

Researchers also found that olive baboons performed less sexual and dominance behaviour when visitors returned. Furthermore, they approached visitor cars more frequently than they had the ranger’s vehicle when the park was closed.

Dr Samantha Ward, a zoo animal welfare scientist in Nottingham Trent University’s School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, said: “Primates are some of the most cognitively advanced species in zoos and their interactions with visitors are complex.

“A limitation to understanding how visitors can affect behaviour of animals in zoos and parks is that they rarely close to the public for prolonged periods, so this provided us with a unique opportunity.”

The interactions between humans and animals, and the impacts of the presence of zoo visitors, are considered crucial in relation to animal welfare, experts suggest.

Research has shown that different species, and even individual animals, respond differently to different humans. According to the scientists, while it can be difficult to accurately state whether experiences were positive, negative or neutral for individual animals, the chimpanzees and baboons appeared to be specifically stimulated by the return of visitors.

Similarly, bonobos and gorillas spending less solitary time could be seen as positive. But the reduction in resting behaviour in more sedentary gorillas could also suggest they were disrupted by visitors, the researchers say.

Gorillas altered the use of their enclosure, which suggested they were able to modify their behaviour to reduce potential overstimulation and manage their own experiences effectively, the research suggests.

The study was published in the journal Animals.