January with the Old Edinburgh Club
• 1ST: In 1695, the Bank of Scotland was founded by an Act of the Scottish Parliament. And in 1828, Rumford Medal-winning Balfour Stewart was born at 1 London Row, the son of William Stewart a tea-merchant, and his wife, Jane Clouston. In 1897, Naomi Mitchison (née Haldane), author, poet, and politician, was born in Edinburgh.
• 2ND: In 1593, King James VI issued a proclamation that no one should trouble the papist Lords but treat them as faithful and true subjects.
• 3RD: In 1698, the Darien Expedition of about 1,200 persons landed at "Caledonia" in Panama - the first phase of an ambitious scheme to establish a Scottish colony for the purpose of creating an overland route to connect the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
• 4TH: In 1601, a pitched battle was fought between 2 Border families, the Kers and Turnbulls, and resulted in the murder of Thomas Ker.
• 5TH: In 1854, Susan Edmonstone Ferrier, Scottish novelist (Scotland's "Jane Austen"), died in Edinburgh. In 1879, Edinburgh-born mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell, died. Also in 1940, six 250 pound bombs fell around Corstorphine Hill.
• 7TH: In 1892, the Empire Theatre opened.
• 8TH: In 1736, playwright Allan Ramsay opened Scotland's first public theatre at Carrubber's Close off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. The theatre was short-lived due to the disapproval of the Protestant kirk.
• 9TH: In 1847, Sir James Young Simpson delivered Wilhelmina while chloroform was administered to her mother, Jane Carstairs, the first child to be born with the aid of anaesthesia.
• 10TH: In 1955, the C&A Modes department store fire on Princes Street ranks as one of the worst that the city of Edinburgh has ever witnessed.
• 11TH: In 1608, the council proclaimed that bonfires should be lit on 5 November each year to celebrate the escape of the King, the Queen, their children, all the estates of the realm, and the Parliament of England from the treason intended that day in 1605 • 12TH: In 1869, Edinburgh University admitted female medical students for the first time but they were not able to graduate, as women were not allowed to practice on medical wards
• 13TH: In 1850, author Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh at 8 Howard Place.
• 14TH: In 1601, Thomas Armstrong and Adam Steill were hanged at the Mercat Cross. Armstrong had murdered James Carmichael and Steill was described as one of the most notable thieves that ever rode a horse. In 1910, the poet Norman Alexander MacCaig was born at 15 East London Street.
• 15TH: In 1824, fire broke out about 10 o'clock at night in a second floor workshop in Old Assembly Close, belonging to the engraver, James Kirkwood; this turned out to be one of the most destructive fires in the history of the city, destroying the High Street, Parliament Square and the Tron Kirk over five days. In 1873, the statue of Greyfriar's Bobby was unveiled.
• 16TH: In 1093, Queen Margaret died at Edinburgh Castle. And in 1789, the Grand Master Mason of Scotland laid the foundation stone of the University of Edinburgh's Old College (then the New College, pictured). Also in 1956, a sea of spectators filled Hanover Street to watch the 'last' trams come down the Mound; later the 'last' tram entered the Shrubhill depot.
• 18TH: In 1870, the Surgeons' Hall Riot took place as a result of misogyny shown to the Edinburgh Seven, a group of women fighting for the right to train and practice as doctors led by Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake (picture by Samuel Laurence).
• 19TH: In 1976, Scottish architect Sir Basil Spence died; he was educated at George Watson's College in Edinburgh and the Edinburgh College of Art; one of Spence's earliest commissions was a design for the Southside Garage at Causewayside which he designed in his distinctive Art Deco style.
• 21ST: In 1958, construction on the Forth Road Bridge began. And in 1959, the 'penny-tenement' at 6 Beaumont Place collapsed making 19 families homeless.
• 24TH: In 1572, John Knox, a leader of the Scottish Reformation, died in Edinburgh. In 1861, at 1.10am an immense 16th century Edinburgh tenement on the north side of the High Street containing at least 77 inhabitants suddenly gave way and collapsed to the street below
• 26TH: In 1892, the original Jenners department store building was destroyed by fire.
• 27TH: In 1593, King James VI issued a proclamation of absolution in favour of the papist Lords.
• 29TH: In 1681, the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, was granted its charter by King Charles II.
• 30TH: In 1996, fifteen days after the return of the Stone of Destiny, thousands of people lined the Royal Mile in Edinburgh to watch troops escort it from Holyrood Palace up to Edinburgh Castle. In 1998, Queen Elizabeth II opened the modern extension to what is now the National Museum of Scotland.
Compiled by Jerry Ozaniec, Membership Secretary of the Old Edinburgh Club, membership@oldedinburghclub.org.uk