On this day
■ 1536: Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Queen Elizabeth I, was executed on Tower Green for alleged adultery.
■ 1588: The Spanish Armada set sail from Lisbon.
■ 1802: The French Legion d’Honneur was created by Napoleon.
■ 1898: William Ewart Gladstone, four times Liberal prime minister, died at Hawarden Castle in North Wales aged 88.
■ 1900: Britain annexed Tonga, the Friendly Islands.
■ 1906: The 20km Simplon rail tunnel, between Switzerland and Italy, was officially opened.
■ 1935: T E Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) died six days after a motorcycle accident in Dorset.
■ 1982: Italian actress Sophia Loren was jailed for a month for tax evasion.
■ 1984: Sir John Betjeman, Poet Laureate from 1972, died aged 77.
■ ON THIS DAY LAST YEAR: The Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Harry and Meghan, celebrated their third wedding anniversary.
■ BIRTHDAYS: James Fox, actor, 83; Robert Kilroy-Silk, former politician and television presenter, 80; Pete Townshend, guitarist and singer (The Who), 77; Grace Jones, model, singer and actress, 74; Jodi Picoult, author, 56; Amanda de Cadenet, actress and photographer, 50; Sam Smith, singer, 30.