Archaeologists unearth Crowland monument

One of the largest prehistoric monuments ever found in eastern England offers evidence for an evolving sacred landscape

The find has been described as a: “previously unknown Late Neolithic or early Bronze Age henge, a type of circular earthwork.”

The excavation team – which was made up of archaeologists from Newcastle University and experts from the University of Sheffield – made the discovery at Anchor ChurchField,ontheoutskirts of town.

Dr Duncan Wright, lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at Newcastle University, said he and his team were surprised by their excavations, as their efforts unearthed a much more complex and older history than expected.

While the henge itself dates to somewhere between 3,000BC and 1,600BC, evidence shows the site was subsequently used by AngloSaxons.

“We know that many prehistoric monuments were reused by the Anglo-Saxons, but to find a henge – especially one that was previously unknown – occupied in this way is really quite rare,” Dr Wright said.

An archaeological dig led by Dr Wright in 2021 had previously discovered Roman and Anglo Saxon finds on the same site.

The find is thought to be one of the largest prehistoric monuments ever discovered in eastern England.

Because of its size and location, the henge would have occupied a prominent place in the region during the Bronze Age, and is likely to have been a major site for ceremonial activity.

It is important to note that – at the time of its use by early peoples – Crowland would have been a peninsula surrounded on three sides by water and marshes.

The henge would have been set on a distinctive and highly visible point projecting out into the Fens.

Dr Wright and his colleagues had initially been undertaking excavations in the area to learn more about the town’s links to St Guthlac: the famed soldier-turned-hermit who went to live in isolation on the ‘island’ of Crowland following an epiphanic conversion during the late seventh century.

Crowland Abbey, the town’s most iconic landmark, was set up and dedicated to St Guthlac in the 10th century.

Dr Wright believes that, while the henge would have been deserted for many centuries, its substantial prehistoric

earthworks would ensure it remained an area of local significance well into the medieval period.

Rather tantalisingly, this means that the henge – which would have been reoccupied

and used by the Anglo-Saxons during Guthlac’s lifetime – may well have been a favoured haunt of Guthlac himself.

“Although the Anglo-Saxon objects we found cannot be linked with Guthlac

with any certainty, the use of the site around this time and later in the medieval period adds weight to the idea that Crowland was a sacred space at different times over millennia,” Dr

Wright noted.

The remains of a 12th-century hall and chapel – built by the Abbots of Crowland to venerate the hermits housed here – have also been discovered.

An aerial view of the Anchor Church Field site, a few miles northeast of Crowland town centre (all images: Anchor Church Field project)

Bone combs and pottery were among the tartefacts unearthed which date back to the Anglo-Saxon period

How the henge may have appeared Crowland’s landmark Abbey was established in the 10th-century