On this day

William Murdoch, Scottish engineer who, with James Watt and Matthew Boulton, pioneered the use of coal-gas lighting in 1792, was born.

William IV, known as the “sailor king” for his service in the Royal Navy, was born. His numerous affairs were legendary – he had 10 illegitimate children by Irish actress Dorothy Jordan.

Sir Sam Browne, VC, invented the Sam Browne belt to hold his sword and pistol after he had lost one arm in action. It soon became standard military kit for the able-bodied as well.

Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) was stolen from the Louvre in Paris. The thief was Italian waiter Vincenzo Peruggia who, posing as an official photographer, walked off with it under his arm. It was recovered in 1913 from where he had hidden it, under a bed in a hotel.

Princess Margaret Rose was born in Glamis Castle, Angus – the place Shakespeare chose for the murder of Duncan in Macbeth. She was the first princess to be born in Scotland for 300 years.

Leon Trotsky, pictured, exiled Bolshevik leader who found asylum in Mexico, died after being struck several blows on the head with an ice pick wielded by Ramon Mercader, an agent for Stalin. Hawaii became the of the US. Savannah, the world’s first nuclear-powered merchant ship, went on her maiden voyage. state 50th