The Press and Journal (Inverness, Highlands, and Islands)
Medics hail jab designed to cure individual cancers as it moves into final trial
The world’s first personalised mRNA cancer jab for melanoma – which also has the potential to stop lung, bladder and kidney cancer – is being tested in British patients.
The “gamechanger” jab, which offers hope of a cure, is custom-built for each person in weeks.
It works by telling the body to hunt down cancer cells and prevent the deadly disease from coming back.
A stage two trial, involving pharma firms Moderna and MSD, found it dramatically reduced the risk of the cancer returning in melanoma patients.
A final phase three trial has been launched, led by University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH).
Dr Heather Shaw said the jab had the potential to cure people with melanoma and is being tested in other cancers.
She said: “This is one of the most exciting things we’ve seen in a long time.
“This is a really finely honed tool. To be able to sit there and say to your patients that you’re offering them something that’s effectively like the Fat Duck at Bray versus McDonald’s – it’s that level of cordon bleu that’s coming to them.
“These things are hugely technical and finely generated for the patient.
“The patients are really excited about them.”
The individualised neoantigen therapy (INT) and is sometimes referred to as a cancer vaccine.
It triggers the immune system so it can fight back against the patient’s specific type of cancer and tumour.
Known as mRNA-4157 (V940), the jab is created to target tumour neoantigens, which are expressed by tumours in a particular patient.
These are markers on the tumour which can potentially be recognised by the immune system.
The jab carries coding for up to 34 neoantigens and activates an antitumour immune response based on the unique mutations in a patient’s cancer.
A sample of tumour is removed during surgery, followed by DNA sequencing and the use of artificial intelligence.
The result is a personalised anti-cancer jab specific to the patient’s tumour.
Dr Shaw said: “This is very much an individualised therapy and it’s far cleverer than a vaccine.
“It is absolutely custom built for the patient – you couldn’t give this to the next patient in the line because you wouldn’t expect it to work.
“They may have some shared new antigens, but they’re likely to have their own very individual new antigens that are important to their tumour, so it is truly personalised.”
The ultimate aim is to cure patients of their cancer, Dr Shaw said.
“What you’re doing is dealing with the theoretical risk that the cancer could recur.
“So there’s nothing to see on scans, but if there are some cells that have escaped that are below the detection of imaging... what we’re trying to do is, on a patient-by-patient basis, give treatment to eradicate any of those rogue cells that might be sitting about.”