Robert de Zafra
Physicist who helped confirm Man’s assault on atmosphere
RobertLdeZaf ra, a physicist who helped confirm that the chemicals in some aerosols and refrigerants were responsible for the expanding ozone hole over Antarctica, died on 10 October in Stony Brook, New York. He was 85.
Dorothea de Zafra Atwell, a niece, said the cause was respirator y complications after surgery.
De Zafra, who taught at Stony Brook University for 38 years and lived in Setauket, on the Nor th Shore of Long Island, contributed research at a crucial time in the growing understanding of ozone- layer depletion, travelling to Antarctica to take measurements with a spectrometer that he and his Stony Brook colleagues developed.
His initial research trip there was in 1986; in September 1987, convinced of a human cause of ozone-layer deple - tion, world leaders finalised the Montreal Protocol, a global agreement that set a timetable for elimination of the harmful chemicals.
In and around Set auk et, however, de Zafra may have been better known for an entirely different role: his work top reserve his area’ s character and history. He was instrumental in rehabilitating historic buildings, sometimes buying them himself, and in establishing green spaces and fending off excessive development. “This man was central to the destiny of our community for so many years ,” Steve Englebright, whore presents the area in the New York Assembly, said .“He made some enormous contributions to our sense of place.”
Robert Lee de Zafra was born on 15 February 1932 in Scarsdale, New York, and grew up there and in New Milford, Connecticut. His father, Carlos, was an engineering professor at New York University, and his mother, Ellen Knox, was a seamstress in a design house.
De Zafra was a 1954 graduate of Princeton University and received his doctorate at the University of Maryland in 1958. He began teaching at Stony Brook in the early 1960s and in 1986 was part of the first National Ozone Expedition to Mcmurdo Station in Antarctica.
The ozone hole, a seasonal thinning of the ozone layer in the atmosphere over Antarctica that allows harmful ultraviolet rays to reach the Earth’s surface, had recently been detected, but whether it was a natural phenomenon or caused by human activity remained under debate.
De Zafra and other researchers, led by Susan Solomon of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, were able to confirm that chloro-fluorocarbons, used in refrigerants and as propellants in aerosol cans, were causing chemical reactions in the atmosphere that depleted ozone.
“Bob and his colleagues were the first to measure chlorine mon oxide in the region of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1986,” Solomon, now at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said .“They showed that this chemical was present in much larger amounts than at other latitudes, and this and subsequent work firmly established that the ozone hole is due to human production of chlorofluorocarbon chemicals.”
“These chemicals are now no longer produced anywhere in the world,” she added, “and the Antarctic ozone hole is expected to heal slowly over the next 50 years or so. Bob’s work was key in helping save the planet’s ozone layer.”
Louisa Emmons, now a senior scientist at the Nation- al Center for Atmospheric Research, was one of de Zafra’s graduate students t hen and made three trips to Mcmurdo with him, as well as joining him for field work in Hawaii and Greenland.
“Bob always loved those expeditions as an opportunity to focus on making measurements and figuring out what those observations told us about how the atmosphere worked,” Emmons said.
He put in long hours, she added, but also liked to explore the exotic locales with students and other colleagues, hiking up the steep Observation Hill next to the Mcmurdo Station or cross-country skiing out on the ice shelf.
Among the honours and accolades accumulated by de Zafra over t he years was an unusual one: In 1999 – Atwell thought it might have been a sort of retirement present – a ridge in the Cook Mountains of Antarctica was named after him by the US Board of Geo - graphic Names.
He is survived by his wife, Julia M Phillips-Qu ag li at a, whom he married in 1981. De Zafra’s first marriage ended in divorce.
De Zafra had bought and renovated two historic buildings in Setauket – one was his home – and in recent years had purchased a third, which he was still rehabilitating at his death. He served on various civic boards and was a leader in preserving the history of the S etauket area. The area’s claims to fame include being the centre of the Culp er spy ring, which George Washington deployed against the British, and which was the subject of the recent US TV series series Turn.
Englebright said that just as de Zafra had helped sound the alarm on ozone depletion, he had also alerted him and many others top reservation issues.
“He was my sentinel on so many community projects ,” Englebright said.
“The Antarctic ozone hole is expected to heal slowly over the next 50 years. Bob’s work was key in helping save the planet’s ozone layer”