NOW & THEN

0 The Vienna Philharmonic at the Usher Hall for 1947’s first Edinburgh International Festival of Music and the Arts released to the public.

1988: Pakistan president Muhammad Zia-il-haq and US ambassador Arnold Raphael were killed in a plane crash.

1994: Los Angeles police began investigating child abuse claims against Michael Jackson.

1998: US president Bill Clinton admitted that he had an “improper physical relationship” with White House intern Monica Lewinsky.

1999: A 7.4-magnitude earthquake struck Izmit, Turkey, killing more than 17,000 people.

2008: American swimmer Michael Phelps won his eighth Olympic gold medal of the Beijing Games to beat Mark Spitz’s 1972 record of seven.

2012: Three members of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot were jailed for two years and gay pride events banned for a century in Moscow.