NOW & THEN
13 MAY
1568: Battle of Langside, in which a force raised by Mary, Queen of Scots, after her escape from Loch Leven Castle, was defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants. It was her last attempt to regain the throne from her son and his adherents.
1607: Captain John Smith and 105 Cavaliers in three ships landed on the Virginia coast and started the first permanent English settlement in the New World, in Jamestown.
1787: A fleet of 11 ships containing about 730 convicts set out from England to Australia, on a journey which lasted until the next January.
1871: Law of Guarantees in Italy declared Pope’s person inviolable and allowed him possession of the Vatican.
1891: Bogey score in golf introduced.
1943: German and Italian forces in North Africa surrendered.
1949: The first British-designed jet bomber, English Electric Canberra B Mark One, was test flown at Warton, Lancashire, by Wing Commander RP Beaumont.
1957: The first regular schools programmes began on BBC.
1958: Riots by French settlers in Algeria led to the French Army seizing power.
1968: Peace negotiations officially opened in Paris between US and North Vietnam.
1969: More than 100 people were killed in race riots in Malaysian city of Kuala Lumpur.
1970: Israel attacked Lebanon to try to wipe out guerrilla bases.
1973: Nineteen nations began talks in Vienna aimed at cutting number of troops in Europe.
1981: An attempt was made on the life of Pope John Paul II in St Peter’s Square, Rome by a Turkish terrorist.
1991: A South African judge convicted Winnie Mandela of conspiracy in kidnap and assault of four youths in Soweto, including Stompie Moeketsi, later murdered.
1992: Youths went on the rampage for the second night running in Coventry.
1995: Alison Hargreaves, 33, a mother of two from Spean Bridge, became the first woman to climb Everest solo and without oxygen. She died three months later while descending K2, the world’s second-highest mountain.
2000: Donald Dewar was elected First Minister of the Scottish Parliament.
2005: The Andijan Massacre occurred in Uzbekistan.
2009: Former golf Open champion Paul Lawrie vowed to never return to an exclusive golf club after it kicked him out over remarks he made about the state of its course.
2011: Network Rail was fined £3 million for safety failings over the Potters Bar train crash, which killed seven people.
2011: Sienna Miller agreed to accept £100,000 in damages from the News of the World, after the paper admitted liability over the hacking of the actress’s phone.
2014: More than 300 miners were killed following an explosion and fire at a coal mine in Manisa province, western Turkey. The trapped miners were more than a mile below the surface and a mile and a half from the mine’s exit.