NOW & THEN
11 APRIL
1564: Peace of Troyes ended war between England and France.
1644: Sir Thomas Fairfax won the Battle of Selby in the English Civil War.
1677: William of Orange was defeated at Cassel, Germany, by Duke of Orleans.
1689: William and Mary were crowned as joint sovereigns by the Bishop of London – the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to perform the ceremony.
1814: Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated unconditionally as emperor of France and was exiled to Elba by Treaty of Fontainebleau.
1843: Britain separated Gambia from Sierra Leone as crown colony.
1855: London’s first six pillar boxes were installed, and were painted green.
1881: The first incandescent street lights were switched on in Newcastle upon Tyne.
1882: Battle of the Braes in Skye between a posse of police and tenants of Lord Macdonald threatened with eviction.
1894: Uganda was declared a British protectorate.
1905: Albert Einstein announced his theory of relativity of time and space.
1941: Coventry Cathedral destroyed and hundreds were killed in night of saturation bombing by Luftwaffe.
1961: Trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, captured by Israelis in Latin America, opened in Jerusalem.
1981: IRA prisoner Bobby Sands won Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election on the 42nd day of his hunger strike.
1982: Richard Attenborough’s film, Gandhi, won eight Oscars, the most ever won by a British film.
1990: Customs at Middlesbrough seized consignment of cylinders believed to be designed for barrel of a 140-ton supergun for Iraq.
1991: United Nations Security Council announced a formal end to the Gulf War, accepting Iraq’s pledge that it would pay for war damages and scrap its weapons of mass destruction.
1994: Greek police said they had uncovered a terrorist plot to bomb the warship Ark Royal in the port of Piraeus, Athens.
1995: Questions were raised over the academic qualifications of German artist Maruma, new owner of the island of Eigg.
1996: Jessica Dubroff, seven,
trying to become the youngest person to pilot an aircraft across the United States, died when her Cessna crashed shortly after take-off in Wyoming.
1997: Scotland caused a cricket upset when they qualified for the 1999 World Cup by finishing third in the ICC Trophy in Malaysia.
2000: Hansie Cronje was sacked as the South African cricket captain after admitting receiving between £6,600 and £10,000 from an Indian bookmaker during a one-day series between South Africa, Zimbabwe and England in February.
2001: Australia beat American Samoa in a 31-0 win, the biggest ever in an international match of football.
2006: Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced that Iran has successfully enriched uranium.