NOW & THEN
1 JULY
1505: Seal of Cause granted by Edinburgh Town Council to the Incorporation of Barbers and Surgeons to practise their craft. It became the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
1543: England and Scotland signed Greenwich Treaties to secure peace.
1690: The Battle of the Boyne took place near Drogheda in Ireland. King James VII was defeated by the army of William of Orange.
1836: North of Scotland Bank founded by Alexander Anderson and others in Aberdeen.
1858: Charles Darwin announced his theory of evolution to the Linnean Society.
1867: Dominion of Canada was established under the British North America Act, with four provinces, masterminded by John Alexander Macdonald, first prime minister.
1872: The Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens, London, was unveiled by Queen Victoria.
1873: Prince Edward Island was made part of the Dominion of Canada.
1897: The Klondike gold rush began in the United States.
1910: Union of South Africa became a dominion of British Empire.
1912: The first Royal Command performance took place, at the Palace Theatre, London.
1912: The British Copyright Act came into force, protecting authors’ works for 50 years after death.
1916: British and French forces started offensive on the Somme. There were 60,000 British casualties on the first day.
1937: Telephone 999 emergency service came into operation in Britain.
1967: Television in colour began on BBC2. Most of the first sevenhour broadcast was tennis from Wimbledon.
1969: Prince Charles was invested as Prince of Wales at Caernarvon Castle.
1977: Britain’s Virginia Wade won the women’s singles at the Centenary Wimbledon, beating Holland’s Betty Stove.
1990: West and East Germany created economic unity and accepted single currency.
1991: The Warsaw Pact was finally abolished.
1991: Compulsory rear seatbelts had to be worn by adults.
1999: The Queen officially opened the new Scottish parliament in its temporary home in the Assembly Hall at The Mound, Edinburgh, saying Scotland had stepped “across the threshold of a new constitutional age”.
2003: More than 500,000 people protested against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong.
2007: A ban on smoking in all public and work places came into effect in England. A similar ban was already in operation in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2011: Lord Hanningfield, former Tory peer and Essex Council leader, jailed for nine months over his parliamentary expenses.
2012: The Spanish football team sealed their place in history as the first side to win three successive major international tournaments by winning the European Championships with a 4-0 victory over Italy in Kiev.
BIRTHDAYS
Pamela Anderson, US actress, 53; Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor, 68; Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress, 78; Leslie Caron, French actress and dancer, 89; Dame Olivia de Havilland DBE, British American film actress, 104; Trevor Eve, British actor, 69; Carl Fogarty MBE, motorbike racing champion, 55; Debbie Harry, rock singer, 75; Carl Lewis, Olympic sprint gold medallist, 59; Adrian John Charles Hope, 4th Marquess of Linlithgow, 74; Jean Marsh OBE, British actress, 86; Liv Tyler, American actress, 43; Jeff Wayne, British musician, 77; David Prowse MBE, bodybuilder and actor
ANNIVERSARIES
Births: 1872 Louis Blériot, aviator; 1899 Charles Laughton, actor; 1903 Amy Johnson, aviator; 1904 James Cagney, actor; 1906 Estée Lauder, founder of cosmetics empire; 1939 Karen Black, US actress; 1961 Diana, Princess of Wales. Deaths: 1974 Juan Peron, Argentine president; 1997 Robert Mitchum, actor; 2000 Walter Matthau, actor; 2004 Marlon Brando, actor; 2005 Luther Vandross, American singer; 2006 Fred Trueman, cricketer and broadcaster; 2009 Mollie Sugden, British actress; 2009 Karl Malden, US actor; 2015 Val Doonican, Irish entertainer.