NOW & THEN
NOVEMBER 10
1775: The United States Marine Corps was formed.
1834: HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, set sail from Valparaiso, Chile.
1847: The passenger ship Stephen Whitney was wrecked in thick fog off the southern coast of Ireland, with the loss of 92 lives.
1871: Henry Morton Stanley was said to have spoken the immortal words “Doctor Livingstone, I presume”, when the two met at Ujiji, Tanganyika.
1885: Gottlieb Daimler unveiled the world’s first motorcycle.
1910: Edward Elgar conducted the first performance of his violin concerto, played by Fritz Kreisler, in the Queen’s Hall, London.
1911: Dunfermline-born steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Corporation in New York “to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding”.
1919: Britain’s first regular airmail service inaugurated, between Hounslow and Paris.
1930: Elephants broke away from the Lord Mayor’s Show procession in London and trampled several spectators.
1931: Graham Greene’s first novel, Rumour and Nightfall, was published.
1940: Walt Disney began his role as informant to the Los Angeles office of the FBI, providing information on Hollywood “subversives”.
1928: The coronation of Hirohito as emperor of Japan took place.
1955: The worst fire that Edinburgh had seen for more than 100 years destroyed C&A Modes department store in Princes Street. Within the space of a few hours, another spectacular fire in nearby Jeffrey Street devastated the boot and shoe warehouse of CW Carr Aikman
1961: Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd.
1965: A new colony, the British Indian Ocean Territory, was set up.
1971: Kenny Dalglish made his football international debut for Scotland as a substitute in a match against Belgium.
1975: Angola became independent of Portugal in midst of civil war.
1980: Michael Foot was elected leader of the Labour Party by ten votes.
1985: Gary Kasparov, 22, became world chess champion, beating Anatoly Karpov in Moscow.
1989: Some 100,000 East Germans poured through the Berlin Wall, which was being destroyed to create crossing points.
1992: John Major, the prime minister, announced a judicial inquiry into the arms-to-iran affair.
1995: Nigeria defied world opinion and executed writer Ken Saro-wiwa and eight other environmental campaigners in what were seen as trumped-up murder charges.
2006: Sri Lankan Tamil Parliamentarian Nadarajah Raviraj was assassinated in Colombo.
2010: The Scottish Parliament passed a raft of new restrictions on the sale of alcohol in a bid to tackle the country’s bingedrinking culture.
2012: Seventeen people were killed when a helicopter crashed in bad weather in Turkey.