Exhibition of the week Surrealism Beyond Borders
Tate Modern, London SE1 (020-7887 8888, tate.org.uk). Until 29 August
This new show at Tate Modern, a wild, “sprawling” display of breathtaking “breadth and variety”, will make you reconsider everything you thought you knew about surrealism, said Rachel Campbell-Johnston in The Times. According to the art historical narrative, the movement was dominated by colourful, mostly male figures and flourished “primarily in 1920s Paris”. The truth is rather more complicated. From its inception in the French capital after the First World War, it spread around the world to become a truly “global phenomenon” with enduring appeal, its aesthetics and ideas taking root everywhere from Haiti to New Zealand. This exhibition blows traditional understandings of surrealism “far and wide on the winds”, bringing together around 150 works created by artists in “at least 50 different countries across a period that spans 80 years”. It takes in everything from painting and sculpture to film, photography and radio broadcasts, mixing works by the likes of Dalí, Magritte and Picasso with pieces by long-forgotten artists from practically every corner of the planet.
At its inception in Paris, surrealism’s “chief ambition was to follow the advice of Freud and liberate the unconscious mind”, said Waldemar Januszczak in The Sunday Times. And that took creativity to some dark places: at Tate Modern you can see Dalí’s celebrated sculpture Lobster Telephone (1938), in which the crustacean’s sex organs form the telephone’s mouthpiece; and the “roped and amputated sex dolls” produced by the German surrealist Hans Bellmer. This macho posturing and obsession with the deviant was survivable; what sank surrealism was the permission it gave to “anyone and everyone” to imagine themselves a profound artist, by simply dragging something squelchy out of their psyche. Tate Modern didn’t set out to prove “surrealism became an international magnet for the untalented”, but that’s exactly what it does. A point made repeatedly by the curators is that, in the developing world, surrealism became the “go-to movement for revolutionary impulses and anti-colonial feelings”; yet the artists selected to exemplify this message mainly chose to express those feelings as a series of mutating blobs. Once you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all. There is some good art on show here by the classic surrealists; but it sits uneasily with the “record-breaking quantities of poor art”.
Yet the show is still “full of discoveries”, said Adrian Searle in The Guardian. We encounter fascinating figures at every turn: from Haitian artist Hector Hyppolite, a “third-generation Vodou priest” who used chicken feathers for brushes, to Ted Joans, a “jazz trumpeter, poet, painter and black power activist” who once shared a flat with Charlie Parker. I was also struck by a 1939 painting by Filipino artist Hernando R. Ocampo that depicts the shadow of a crucifix falling across a city square while a woman’s head stares in two directions at once – a mixture of “Catholic symbolism with surrealist strangeness”. Other striking works include those by Harue Koga: whose 1929 collage painting The
Sea involves “a swimsuit-clad Gloria Swanson, a cut-away view of a submarine, an airship” and “shoals of tropical fish”. But though this show is a “tremendous work of scholarship”, ultimately it overstretches itself. Its reach is so broad that it becomes “indigestible as an exhibition”.