Veteran socialist leader in India

MULAYAM Singh Yadav was

India’s former defence minister and a veteran socialist leader.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Mr Yadav, who has died aged 82, “a humble and grounded leader who was sensitive to people’s problems”.

“As defence minister, he worked for a stronger India,” he tweeted.

Mr Yadav, a three-time chief minister of India’s most populous Uttar Pradesh state, was a former wrestler who rose in politics in the 1980s when a federally appointed commission set up to identify the “socially backward classes” in the country led to a nationwide agitation.

It was during these protests that he emerged as a socialist leader by defending the demands of the so-called backward castes and religious minorities.

In 1990, when Mr Yadav was Uttar Pradesh state’s chief minister, he ordered police firing on Hindu protesters in the northern Ayodhya city when they were marching towards the 16th-century Babri mosque to reclaim it as a grand temple for the Hindu god Ram. At least 16 people were killed in police action.

When the mosque was eventually razed to the ground by Hindu mobs in 1992, sparking massive communal violence across India, Muslims credited Mr Yadav with having saved it two years earlier.

The community became his party’s major voting bloc.

A year later, he became the state’s chief minister for the second time after stitching an alliance with a regional party after Mr Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party was gaining ground on the back of Hindu nationalism.

In 1996, Mr Yadav rose to national prominence when he became India’s defence minister in a United Front coalition government.

In his long career, Mr Yadav was known to have allies on all sides of the political spectrum and was often projected as a candidate for the job of India’s prime minister.

Even though he never came close to becoming the prime minister, his party remained a major partner to many coalition governments, as Uttar Pradesh sends the highest number of politicians to the lower house of India’s parliament.

In 2012, Mr Yadav handed the charge of his political party to his son, who became the state’s chief minister for five years.

In 2017, his party was ousted from power after Mr Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party won the elections and named Hindu nationalist Yogi Adityanath as the state’s chief minister, a feat he repeated earlier this year.

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