ADHD in brief

From definitions and diagnosis to the kinds of help that are out there, here’s what you need to know

What is ADHD?

It’s a neurodevelopmental disorder, which often runs in families. It’s not thought to develop in adults, so signs are present from childhood – these include inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.

How is an ADHD brain different?

In a number of ways, but the main one involves neurotransmitters including dopamine and noradrenaline. These connect messages from one area of the brain to another, but for someone with ADHD this system is impaired.

How does someone get diagnosed?

You will need a referral from your GP to the community mental-health team who will assess you for referral for diagnosis. Waiting times vary through the UK. In England they are one year, they’re two in Wales and Scotland, while Northern Ireland has limited adult ADHD provision.

Are there quicker options?

Psychiatry UK’S Right To Choose service can shorten the NHS waiting time, but has no appointments available until October 2022 due to a flood of requests. Private diagnosis is quick and the condition can then sometimes be overseen by your NHS GP – but the costs of additional tests, medication and follow-up appointments can add up quickly.

What does ADHD treatment look like?

ADHD can be treated using medicine, therapy, or both. The medications, aimed at reducing impulses and improving concentration, are usually stimulants and may be used in conjunction with SNRIS, which increase the amount of noradrenaline, which helps pass messages more smoothly between brain cells. Treatment can be overseen by a specialist or GP.