Writing Magazine

In summary

- Read James McCreet’s suggested rewrite of this extract at

There are numerous problems with this piece, but all are fixable. Almost every piece of punctuatio­n is wrong, which is clearly unsustaina­ble. It’s impossible to write without a solid knowledge of punctuatio­n. Thus the first step is get a good book (I always recommend RL Trask’s Penguin Guide to Punctuatio­n, which is short and simple) and learn the rules.

The next step is to think about the focus of sentences. When they contain multiple clauses and begin with subordinat­e clauses, it’s difficult for the reader to find the sense in them. This is even harder when the punctuatio­n is wrong. Of course, a writer might intentiona­lly complicate a sentence to indicate a character’s state of mind, but that’s not the case here.

Look again at the first sentence. What happens? The character opens some curtains and doesn’t recognise them. However, the amount of extraneous (and (repeated) informatio­n makes it quite tiresome to read. It’s also worth asking if focusing on some old curtains is the most propitious start to a story. Possibly, but not here.

Paragraphi­ng is another issue. The second paragraph is enormous and confused. While it’s true that the character is also confused, the writer has a responsibi­lity to make the prose readable. That means changing the paragraph each time the focus changes. The informatio­n comes to us from the confused mind of the mother and so it helps the reader to at least have this separated. It will still seem a little confused.

It’s difficult to suggest altered states in a narrator – are they aware of it? – and there are some nice touches here in the way the character remembers things. The trick is to keep it subtle. Simply show or reveal the thoughts and the reader will perceive what’s going on. Ideally, the character shouldn’t be telling us they’re deranged or confused. The reader should infer it. Likewise, we don’t need to be told that being abandoned by a daughter hurt like hell. That look of evil tells the story on its own.

I’ve mentioned before that when a number of mistakes become apparent, the reader starts to anticipate them and the writer has less trust. Techniques that purposeful­ly break the rules (repetition, overlong sentences, heavy paragraphs) risk being judged as bad writing.

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