A newspaper’s job isn’t to tell people how to vote
The media giant that publishes USA Today, the Des Moines Register, the Detroit Free Press and about 250 other newspapers has some advice: Stop making endorsements.
Gannett, the nation’s largest newspaper chain, wants its publications to break with the practice of endorsing candidates in presidential and congressional elections.
According to The Washington Post, a committee of editors convened by Gannett made the recommendation, in April, updating a 2018 planning document that urged papers to “endorse less, if at all” and said it was “time to get out of presidential endorsements.”
They’ll get no argument from me. I have long been of the view that newspaper endorsements generally matter far less to voters than editors and publishers imagine, that it isn’t the role of news outlets to take sides in an election, and that doing so only provokes readers into doubting their objectivity and credibility.
In the buzz that followed Oprah Winfrey’s endorsement of Barack Obama’s presidential run, in 2007, the Pew Research Center asked voters about the impact of potential endorsements by various celebrities and institutions.
Pew found that only 14 percent of voters said they would be more likely to support a candidate endorsed by their local newspaper — while another 14 percent said they would be less likely to support that candidate. The overwhelming majority, 69 percent, said the paper’s endorsement would have no influence on their vote at all.
Americans’ confidence in the fairness and accuracy of news organizations is at or near an all-time low. A large majority of the public believes that the media are politically biased. What sense does it make for newspapers to reinforce those beliefs by proclaiming their loyalty to one side in a political campaign?
Inevitably, many readers will assume that if a newspaper endorses a candidate during an election campaign, it will tilt its news coverage to favor that candidate.
To be sure, some papers (including the Boston Globe) maintain a strict separation between their news and opinion operations. But many don’t have such a policy.
It’s unreasonable to expect voters to be familiar with the internal workings of the newspaper(s) they read. And who is behind the institutional voice that delivers endorsements? “On its own, the statement ‘Our newspaper supports…’ is remarkably ambiguous,” acknowledged the Columbia Journalism Review in 2017. Endorsements “may reflect the view of the publisher alone, the opinion editor alone, a Board of a few people, or a board of 16.”
Some editorial Boards include news editors; others may include unpaid community volunteers. Some endorsement decisions are dictated by a paper’s corporate owners; others are reached without any input by ownership. In short, when a newspaper says “We endorse,” readers are unlikely to know who’s speaking. No wonder they give so little weight to the advice.
Ahead of the 2020 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary, three Bay State newspapers (the Boston Herald, The Lowell Sun and the Fitchburg Sentinel & Enterprise) endorsed Michael Bloomberg. Two papers (The Valley Advocate and Daily Hampshire Gazette) endorsed Bernie Sanders. The Lowell Sun endorsed Andrew Yang. The Boston Globe endorsed Elizabeth Warren. None backed Joe Biden, who easily won the primary.
In almost any election cycle, the same phenomenon recurs: Newspapers make the case for their favorites and voters pick someone else. Why keep going through this exercise in futility?
A few newspapers have a longstanding policy against endorsements. The Wall Street Journal last gave its imprimatur to a presidential hopeful in 1928, when it endorsed Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith.
A vote for Hoover, the paper said, was “the soundest proposition for those with a financial stake in the country.” But when the Crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression made it clear that Hoover had been the wrong man for the job, the Journal learned its lesson. It has never again endorsed any candidate. “We don’t think our business is telling people how to vote,” a Journal editorial explained, in 1972.
In recent years, a number of papers have adopted the Journal’s approach. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Arizona Republic and the Cincinnati Enquirer are among those that no longer endorse candidates. Some other papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and The Salt Lake Tribune, have reorganized as nonprofits and are now barred by federal law from explicitly supporting or opposing candidates.
I think every newspaper ought to follow suit. There is no evidence that readers want newspapers telling them whom to vote for and considerable evidence that they don’t.
Let newspapers continue to interview candidates. Let them publish transcripts or post the video of those conversations. Let them editorialize on candidates’ proposals, track records, and political ideas. Let them publish the views of columnists from across the political spectrum.
But don’t tell readers who should get their vote. Politicians don’t endorse newspapers. It’s time newspapers stopped endorsing politicians.