Eating as reward carries heavy set of repercussions
“I worked out so hard. I deserve a treat!”
Who hasn’t had this thought? Who hasn’t acted on it … unwisely.
It’s also pretty common to indulge post-workout in some food deemed forbidden — or consumed more than usual — and to eat back all the calories burned, and then some.
The food-as-reward dynamic was tested by Brian Wansink, director of Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab and author of Slim by Design. He had two groups of people take a 2-kilometer walk around a lake. One group was told the walk was exercise; for the other group it was a “scenic walk.” Those who “exercised” ate 35 percent more chocolate pudding afterward than those who went on a “scenic walk.”
The study suggests a reason why many people who exercise to lose weight fail to do so: They overcompensate with calories post-workout. It’s also part of a flourishing body of diet research that investigates beyond what and how much we eat and focuses on why we eat.
Researchers like Wansink have spent decades examining the environmental, psychological and emotional triggers that shape eating habits. But now, as mindful approaches are being used to tackle stress, diabetes, addiction recovery and more, weight-management plans that focus on the “why” behind consumption seem to be more popular than ever.
A dizzying barrage of magic-bullet diets has left Americans confused about gluten, carbohydrates and calories, and ever further from their feel-great weights.
“Some of it has to do with the frustration and the disappointment people feel after changing the content of what they eat — say, cutting out fat, sugar or flour — and finding that it doesn’t make a difference,” said Susan Albers, a psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic and author of Eat Q: Unlock the WeightLoss Power of Emotional Intelligence and five other books about mindful eating. “But when they start to change the way that they eat, that’s when they start to see long-term changes.”
There are various ways to approach mindful eating, but the idea is to become aware, without judgment, of the physical signals of hunger, environmental cues and emotional longings that prompt the thought “I want to eat.” Then people are encouraged to sit down and savor foods they enjoy, without guilt.
“Fostering awareness removes a lot of the judgments of good and bad that so many diets are built on,” says Michelle May, a Phoenix-based doctor and author of Eat What You Love, Love What You Eat.
NEW ATTITUDE
In terms of mastering the food-as-reward dynamic, Wansink recommends adjusting one’s attitude about working out. If exercise doesn’t feel like torture, you’re less likely to pamper yourself with calories after it’s done.
So call your workout a break. Call it personal time. Call it an antidepressant where all the side-effects are good.
If you don’t like to exercise, “reframe it in whatever way is motivating to you,” Wansink says.
And find a way to make it fun. Not psyched about logging exercise hours indoors this winter? Download podcasts or movies for entertainment. Or make a date to work out with friends so it doubles as a social hour.
If you enjoyed your workout, you’ll be much less likely to feel as if you “need” a sweet treat to reward yourself for all the hard work you did. Then you can fuel yourself with the nutrients that your muscles need to recover — perhaps an apple and peanut butter but not a chocolate doughnut.
Here are some mindful-eating strategies:
Stop doing the math. “People underestimate the calories in food and overestimate the calories in activities,” Wansink says. You can read food labels to educate yourself about how much you’re really eating, but try not to obsess.
And stop counting calorie burn; it can vary widely depending on many factors.
“Calorie burn is irrelevant,” says Rebecca Scritchfield, a registered dietitian and founder of Capitol Nutrition Group, a lifestyle counseling practice in Chevy Chase, Md. “It’s a distraction from what you really need to focus on, which is how did you feel? Did you have fun? Did you challenge yourself? Will you be excited to work out again?”
Ask, “Am I hungry?” When you feel like eating, rather than wrestle with your willpower, pause and ask: “Am I hungry? Does my body need food right now? Or is the desire to eat coming from something else?” May advises.
“It’s like checking your gas gauge before you fill up your car,” she says. If your stomach isn’t grumbling, maybe you’re procrastinating, feeling lonely or experiencing some other uncomfortable emotion or thought.
“Once you have awareness of those drivers, you have opportunities to make decisions,” she says. If you’re not hungry, redirect your attention or address the underlying issue. Or just go ahead and eat. That’s OK, as long as you acknowledge it, sit down to enjoy your food and stop when it ceases to be pleasurable. Three cookies might give you a lift. But 10 might make you feel nauseated and guilty.
Slow down. Don’t multitask while you eat, Albers says. “When you’re distracted, that’s when you tend to eat more,” she says. And don’t eat so fast. Slow down enough to savor food; eating with your nondominant hand can help. “It takes a lot more effort and thought. And it automatically slows you down,” Albers says.
Ditch deprivation. Resist the temptation to set up rigid food rules; deprivation leads to overeating, Scritchfield says.
“When you cut out foods you enjoy, it makes you want the food more,” she says. “Eventually you become too tired to fight yourself, you overeat it, then you feel like you did something wrong and feel guilty.” So if it’s pizza night, enjoy it, Scritchfield says, but also serve vegetables and protein-rich foods, which will fill you up and satisfy you.
Or pick one food that you miss and serve it once a day, every day, in a realistic portion. “You’ll probably notice that after a few days, the food is less appealing and you will start skipping days,” she says. “That’s the brain learning that the taboo is gone, so the obsession can go away, too.”