N. Korea weighs transportation hub plan
PYONGYANG, North Korea — North Korea is exploring a plan to become a regional transportation hub, a senior government economist told The Associated Press.
Ri Ki Song, a senior researcher with the Economic Institute of the North’s Academy of Social Sciences, said North Korea would also be open to joining world financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund if current member states give up their “hostile” policies toward it.
Ri, who spoke with The Associated Press in Pyongyang last week, said that although sanctions aimed at getting his country to abandon its nuclear and missile programs have increased over the past year, the country’s economy has maintained steady growth — with its GDP increasing from $24.998 billion in 2013 to $29.595 billion in 2016 and $30.704 billion in 2017.
Some outside experts dispute the North’s statistics. An estimate released in July by South Korea’s central bank, for example, had the North’s GDP decreasing 3.5 percent in 2017, which would be its biggest contraction since the famine years of the late 1990s.
Ri said North Korea’s growing numbers show that sanctions have actually helped the country, causing some parts of the economy to become more efficient and self-reliant.
The North has developed a kind of fertilizer that uses domestically produced coal instead of imported oil products, and made improvements in the method of producing steel, he said. He did not mention the flowering of capitalist-style markets, which are still officially somewhat frowned upon but which many observers suspect is a major factor if the economy is indeed growing.
Ri expressed optimism about the current climate of detente on the Korean Peninsula and leader Kim Jong Un’s summits this year with Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump.
“We are seeing a lot of changes in the atmosphere surrounding our country,” he said.
He said that if sanctions were lifted and the political climate was to improve enough, the North could develop its transportation infrastructure. Ri said North Korea could emulate countries like Switzerland and Singapore, “which have few resources and little territory but have used their geographical location to their greatest advantage.”
“We are situated in the center of East Asia, so our Korean Peninsula has a very advantageous geographical location,” he said. “In the future we will try to make cooperation with our neighboring countries to develop the transport industry. If we use our railways from the South through Siberia, many countries would prefer our rails to shipping by the seas.”
Before any of this could make much progress, Washington would have to ease up its “maximum pressure” of heavily sanctioning the North and punishing those who trade with it. While praising Kim’s diplomatic initiatives, Trump has insisted that sanctions must stay in place until the North makes clear and concrete moves to denuclearize.
Joining international financial institutions would open the door to badly needed development funds and economic expertise. South Korean President Moon Jaein indicated recently that Kim has expressed an interest in joining the International Monetary Fund or World Bank. But doing so would likely require structural changes and a level of transparency that the North may not want to provide.
When asked whether Pyongyang is ready to meet such requirements, Ri said only that the North currently makes its GDP statistics available and declined to comment further. He suggested instead that the ball is in the international institutions’ court.
“Due to the sanctions and the moves of the hostile countries like the United States and Japan, our attempt to join the international organizations has not been realized so far,” he added, noting that the North tried unsuccessfully to join the Asian Development Bank in the 1990s. “If we can’t even join the regional organization, it will be much harder to join the international organization.”