IBM pursues cloud leaders with $33B purchase of Red Hat
IBM’s $33 billion purchase of Red Hat Inc. — the world’s second-largest technology deal ever — is aimed at catapulting the company into the ranks of the top cloud software competitors.
The cash deal, IBM’s biggest by far, boosts the 107-yearold computer-services giant’s credentials overnight in the fast-growing and lucrative cloud market — and gives it much-needed potential for real revenue growth. The company once synonymous with mainframe computing has been slow to adopt cloudrelated technologies and has had to play catch-up to market leaders Amazon.com Inc. and Microsoft Corp. in offering computing and other software and services over the internet.
“We’ve been reshaping IBM for this moment,” Chief Executive Officer Ginni Rometty said in an interview with Bloomberg TV on Monday. “This is all about resetting the cloud landscape and this is the inflection point to do it.”
IBM has been positioning itself as a leader in the socalled “hybrid cloud” market — in which companies run programs on both their own internal servers and the big “public” cloud providers — Amazon’s AWS and Microsoft’s Azure — at the same time. Red Hat, which sells software and services based on the open-source Linux operating system, helps companies bridge different platforms.
“Knowing first-hand how important open, hybrid cloud technologies are to helping businesses unlock value, we see the power of bringing these two companies together,” JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said in an emailed statement.
IBM has seen revenue decline by almost a quarter since Rometty, 61, took the CEO role in 2012. While some of that has been from divestitures, most is from declining sales in existing hardware, software and services offerings, as the company has struggled to compete with younger technology companies. She has been trying to steer IBM toward more modern businesses, such as the cloud, artificial intelligence and security software with inconsistent results.
IBM shares declined 4 percent to $119.6 in New York on Monday. Red Hat’s stock soared 45 percent to $169.63 per share.
In its third-quarter earnings report, IBM disappointed investors who were seeking more progress in those areas after six years of declining sales that had only recently started to show gains. Still, the improvements had been coming largely from IBM’s legacy mainframe business, rather than its so-called strategic imperatives. Cloud revenue grew 10 percent in the period to $4.5 billion, but that was slower than the 20 percent expansion in the second quarter.
The Red Hat deal could signal to investors that IBM wasn’t as well positioned in cloud as it had been claiming, said Jim Suva, an analyst at Citigroup Research.
“We expect investor skepticism around the deal given IBM’s messaging that it is well underway in its transformation,” he said.
Investors have grown impatient as the stock has dropped 31 percent over the past five years. Warren Buffett virtually gave up on IBM last year. His conglomerate, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., cut its stake in the company by 94 percent, while increasing its investment in Apple Inc.
The Red Hat deal represents an admission by Rometty that in-house growth wasn’t going to be enough to keep IBM from falling permanently behind in a market that is growing in importance and size.
Acquiring Red Hat makes IBM “a credible player in cloud now,” Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Anurag Rana said. “This gives them an asset that looks forward and not backwards.”
Still, analysts said the deal is unlikely to improve IBM’s chances of winning the Pentagon’s $10 billion cloud contract, known as the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure cloud or JEDI. The project is widely seen to favor Amazon because it’s the dominant cloud services provider and already won a major cloud contract from the Central Intelligence Agency.
IBM will pay $190 a share in cash for Raleigh, North Carolina-based Red Hat, according to a statement from the companies Sunday, confirming an earlier Bloomberg News report. That’s a 63 percent premium over Red Hat’s closing price of $116.68 per share on Friday.
Rometty said IBM “paid a very fair price. This is a premium company. If you look underneath, this is strong revenue growth, strong profit, strong free cash flow,” she said.
IBM will suspend its share buyback program in 2020 and 2021. The company plans to pay for the acquisition with a combination of cash and debt, and said it is committed to maintaining strong investment-grade credit ratings. IBM has about $14.5 billion of cash and equivalents on its balance sheet, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Revenue at Red Hat is expected to top $3 billion for the first time this year as the company’s Red Hat Enterprise Linux product attracts business from large customers. Last quarter the company reported a record 11 contracts valued at over $5 million each and 73 over $1 million, according to a note from JMP Securities analyst Greg McDowell.
At the same time, sales last quarter overall missed analysts’ expectations and the forecast for the current quarter also fell short, fueling concerns Red Hat may be losing deals to rivals and growth may be slowing. The company said at the time it believes the slowdown has “bottomed out.” Red Hat’s stock was down 28 percent over the past six months through Friday, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Lazard Ltd. advised IBM on the deal. Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison was IBM’s legal adviser. Morgan Stanley and Guggenheim Partners were financial advisers to Red Hat, while Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom provided legal advice.
Information for this article was contributed by Dina Bass and Naomi Nix of Bloomberg News.