U.S. adds rules on foreign child brides

Adjudicators told that men bringing in minors to marry need added scrutiny

WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump’s administration announced new rules Friday to scrutinize petitions seeking to bring in underage spouses to the U.S. after data showed that thousands of requests by men to bring in child and adolescent brides had been approved.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services said it was updating guidance to adjudicators that stresses marriages involving minors warrant special attention. They must ensure that the marriage was lawful where it was celebrated, is legal in the state where they will live, that it is bona fide and that the minor consented freely to it.

The Associated Press last month obtained data showing more than 5,000 cases of adults petitioning on behalf of minors and nearly 3,000 examples of minors seeking to bring in older spouses or fiancees.

The approval of the petitions is the first of a two-step visa process, and Citizenship and Immigration Services had already said it has taken steps to better flag and vet the petitions.

They are legal. The Immigration and Nationality Act does not set minimum age requirements for the person making the request or for that person’s spouse or fiancee. By contrast, to bring in a parent from overseas, a petitioner has to be at least 21 years old.

And in weighing petitions, Citizenship and Immigration Services goes by whether the marriage is legal in the spouse’s or fiancee’s home country and then whether the marriage would be legal in the state where the petitioner lives.

Marriage between adults and minors is not uncommon in the U.S., and most states allow children to marry with some restrictions.

But the data raise questions about whether the immigration system may be enabling forced marriage and about how U.S. laws may be compounding the problem despite efforts to limit child and forced marriage.

The Citizenship and Immigration Services changes will not stop child marriage — age limits must be set by Congress and states — but officials hope it will help detect instances in which a spouse is in the marriage against her will.

“USCIS is taking action to the maximum extent permitted under current immigration law to highlight special considerations in the adjudication of marriage-based immigrant petitions involving a minor,” said Citizenship and Immigration Services Director L. Francis Cissna. “While these are steps in the right direction, ultimately it is up to Congress to bring more certainty and legal clarity to this process for both petitioners and USCIS officers.”

But advocacy groups say the idea in the guidance that parental consent can be used as evidence that the underage bride consented to the marriage ignores that many parents coerce their children into the relationship.

To obtain U.S. immigration visas and green cards, petitions are first considered by Citizenship and Immigration Services. If granted, they must be approved by the State Department. Overall, 3.5 million petitions were received from budget years 2007-17.

Over that period, there were 5,556 approvals for those seeking to bring in minor spouses or fiancees, and 2,926 approvals by minors seeking to bring in older spouses, according to the data. Additionally, there were 204 for minors by minors. Petitions can be filed by U.S. citizens or permanent residents. In nearly all the cases, the girls were the younger person in the relationship.

Senate Homeland Security Committee Chairman Ron Johnson said he was pleased to see the guidance.

“Despite this improvement, Congress still needs to act to close this loophole — I look forward to continue working with my colleagues on legislation to do just that,” the Wisconsin Republican said.

Citizenship and Immigration Services didn’t know how many of the approvals were granted by the State Department, but overall only about 2.6 percent of spousal or fiancee claims are rejected.

There are no nationwide statistics on child marriage, but data from a few states suggest it is far from rare. State laws generally set 18 as the minimum age for marriage, yet every state allows exceptions. Most states let 16- and 17-year-olds marry if they have parental consent, and several states — including New York, Virginia and Maryland — allow children under 16 to marry with court permission.