Pacific Rim trade pact reached
U.S., 11 other nations cut trade barriers, set labor, environmental rules.
The United States and 11 other Pacific Rim countries have agreed to an ambitious and contentious trade pact that cuts trade barriers, sets labor and environmental standards and protects multinational corporations’ intellectual property.
The agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership was reached Monday after marathon negotiating sessions in Atlanta through the weekend.
The road ahead may be even tougher: The agreement must get through a skeptical U.S. Congress.
The TPP is designed to encourage trade between the United States, Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. Together, the coun- tries account for 40 percent of world economic output.
“We think it helps define the rules of the road for the Asia-Pacific region,” said Michael Froman, the U.S. trade representative.
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe welcomed the basic agreement as “a farsighted policy for all participating countries that share the values and try to build a free and fair economic zone.”
The White House says the agreement will eliminate tar- iffs on all made-in-America manufactured goods exported to TPP countries.
“This partnership levels the playing field for our farmers, ranchers, and manufacturers by eliminating more than 18,000 taxes that various countries put on our products,” President Barack Obama said in a statement. “It includes the strongest commitments on labor and the environment of any trade agree-
ment in history, and those commitments are enforceable, unlike in past agreements.”
For Obama, the trade deal is a major victory on a centerpiece of his international agenda.
Obama has pursued the pact against the objections of many lawmakers in his own Democratic Party and instead forged rare consensus with Republicans. He’s cast the agreement as good for American workers and crucial to countering China and expanding U.S. influence in the Asia-Pacific, a fast-growing region he says should be a bigger focus of the nation’s foreign policy.
The president has to wait 90 days before signing the pact, and only then will Congress begin the process of voting on it.
As a result, a vote on the TPP likely will not happen until well into 2016, where it is likely to get ensnarled in the politics of a presidential election year. Congress can only give the deal an up-or-down vote. It can’t amend the agreement.
Many of the tariff reductions and other changes will be phased in over several years, so benefits to the U.S. economy could take time to materialize.
Peter Petri, a professor of international finance at Brandeis University, says he doesn’t expect the deal to lead to any U.S. job gains. But he forecasts it will boost U.S. incomes by $77 billion a year, or 0.4 percent, by 2025, mostly by creating export-oriented jobs that will pay more, even as other jobs are lost.
Trade unions and other critics say the deal will expose American workers to foreign competition and cost jobs.
“Past trade deals have been a disaster for American workers,” Rep. Mark Pocan, D-Wis., said in a statement. “So it is imperative Congress rigorously reviews this deal to ensure the American people are not being taken for a ride yet again.”
Another target for opponents was drug companies’ efforts to protect their pharmaceutical patents.
U.S. drug makers wanted 12 years of protection from competitors for biologics — ultra-expensive medicines produced in living cells. That is longer than in any country but the United States. Critics say blocking competition from near-copies drives up drug prices and makes them too expensive for people in poor countries.
Drug companies didn’t get the dozen years they wanted; they got up to eight years of protection.
Judit Rius Sanjuan, legal policy adviser to Doctors Without Borders, said in a statement that “TPP will still go down in history as the worst trade agreement for access to medicines in developing countries, which will be forced to change their laws to incorporate abusive intellectual property protections for pharma- ceutical companies.”
Critics also worried that the deal would allow multinational companies to challenge different countries’ laws and regulations in private tribunals on the grounds they inhibit trade, undermining local laws on public health and the environment. But in a statement Monday, the trade ministers in Atlanta said the TPP has safeguards that prevent “abusive and frivolous claims and ensure the right of governments to regulate in the public interest, including on health, safety, and environmental protection.”
Late last month, 160 members of Congress wrote Obama urging that the TPP include measures to stop countries from manipulating their currencies to give their exporters a price advantage. The final pact, however, doesn’t include provisions on currency.
The U.S. Treasury Department said Monday that the countries will continue to separately work together to “strengthen macroeconomic cooperation, including on exchange rate issues.”