Atomic spy testified against relatives
NEW YORK — David Greenglass, who served 10 years in prison for his role in the most explosive atomic spying case of the Cold War and gave testimony that sent his brother- in- law and sister, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, to the electric chair in 1953, has died at 92.
Mr. Greenglass — who admitted decades after the trial that he lied on the stand about his own sister — died in New York City on July 1, according to the Rosenbergs’ sons, Michael and Robert Meeropol.
After his release from prison in 1960, Mr. Greenglass lived under an assumed name in Queens, hoping to be forgotten for his part in a McCarthy- era cause celebre that is still furiously debated to this day.
A spokeswoman for the Meeropols, Amber Black, said Tuesday that the brothers were aware of their uncle’s death but did not seek media attention and received no inquiries at the time.
The Rosenbergs were convicted in 1951 of conspiring to steal secrets about the atomic bomb for the Soviet Union and were executed at New York’s Sing Sing prison, insisting to the very end that they were innocent.
Mr. Greenglass, indicted as a co- conspirator, testified for the government that he had given the Rosenbergs research data obtained through his wartime job as an Army machinist at Los Alamos, New Mexico, the headquarters of the topsecret Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb.
He told of seeing his older sister transcribing the information on a portable typewriter at the Rosenbergs’ New York apartment in 1945. That testimony proved crucial in convicting Ethel along with her husband.
In 2001, in revelations more boastful than contrite, Mr. Greenglass was quoted in the book “The Brother” by New York Times reporter Sam Roberts as saying he had not actually seen Ethel typing and knew of it only from his wife, Ruth. For the prosecution, however, the typewriter “was as good as a smoking gun in Ethel Rosenberg’s hands,” Roberts wrote.
In the book and a CBS interview, Mr. Greenglass shrugged off any notion of a betrayal. He said he lied to assure leniency for himself and keep his wife out of prison so she could care for their children.
“As a spy who turned his family in . . . I don’t care. I sleep well,” Mr. Greenglass said in the interview, adding that “stupidity” had kept the Rosenbergs from possibly saving themselves by admitting guilt.
Mr. Greenglass said that while history might blame him for the Rosenbergs’ deaths, he hadn’t known that would be their fate — and that in any case, his own family came first. He also said he had been urged to lie by prosecutors, among them Roy Cohn, later a key aide to anti- communism crusader Sen. Joseph McCarthy.
In a statement Tuesday, the Rosenbergs’ sons said that David and Ruth Greenglass were the ones who passed atomic secrets on to the Soviets, then “pinned what they did on our parents — a calculated ploy to save themselves by fingering our parents as the scapegoats the government demanded.”
The Rosenberg sons cited a 2001 interview in which Mr. Greenglass said he expected to be remembered “as a spy who turned his family in.”
“He was right,” the sons said.
Mr. Greenglass was born in New York in 1922. After Army service in World War II, he and Julius Rosenberg became partners in a machine shop. The business failed; a Rosenberg attorney later claimed that led Mr. Greenglass to seek revenge on his brother- in- law.
In fact, David and Ruth Greenglass, like the Rosenbergs, were active communist sympathizers, having joined the Young Communist League in 1943. Both couples believed that the Soviet Union should have the bomb if the United States did.