Iraq launches operation to retake western Mosul from Islamic State
Density will make fight tough; civilians face humanitarian crisis
U. S.- backed Iraqi forces launched an offensive Sunday to drive the Islamic State from its last stronghold in the country, an operation that also risks triggering a humanitarian crisis.
Prime Minister Haider al- Abadi announced the move to retake control of western part of Mosul, Iraq’s secondlargest city, saying, “Our forces are beginning the liberation of the citizens from the terror” of the Islamic State.
An estimated 750,000 civilians, half of them children, still are trapped in western Mosul by several thousand Islamic State fighters. The United Nations estimated 250,000 to 400,000 civilians may flee, needing emergency refugee camps that are currently under construction.
“Mosul would be a tough fight for any army in the world, and the Iraqi forces have risen to the challenge,” U. S. Army Lt. Gen. Stephen Townsend, commander of the coalition in Iraq, said Sunday.
“The battle for the complete liberation of Mosul cannot come soon enough,” the statement said. The Islamic State for the past two years “committed horrible atrocities and terrorized the people ofMosul.”
Iraq last month declared that it had “liberated” eastern Mosul from the Islamic State. But the fight for the western part of the city will be far tougher because of its narrow streets and dense civilian population, which will limit the use of airstrikes and armor.
“It’s the old city, so there are small houses and narrow streets and we cannot move as freely,” Lt. Gen. Sami al Arridy of the Iraqi Special Operation Forces said Friday.
He said car bombs and the use of human shields could slow down the offensive, as happened when fighting the Islamic State in eastern Mosul and other Iraqi cities.
The elite Rapid Response divisions of the Iraqi forces are leading the western Mosul offensive, which is largely pushing up from the south, west of the Tigris River that runs through the city, the Iraqi army said. Iraqi troops and police are looking to retake Mosul airport.
The Islamic State instituted a 6 p. m. curfew for civilians in the western part of the city, according to Iraqi media. Interviews with civilians who escaped revealed growing brutality by the militants.
“They forced us to go to the mosque and threatened us,” said Marwan Thamer, 33, a former resident of western Mosul who fled three weeks ago on a smuggler’s boat.
The Islamic State lost nearly half its force of 3,000 to 6,000 fighters in Mosul since the operation began Oct. 17 to retake the city, said Air Force Col. John Dorrian, a military spokesman in Baghdad.
“One thing we’ve seen is that the enemy will begin to turn on itself,” Dorrian said. “Fighters who want to try to escape will try to have someone go to the front instead of them.”
Islamic State fighters suspected of being cowards or planning to desert are executed, he said.
Dorrian pointed out that many Islamic State commanders were killed in airstrikes, so the militant group is relying on “third- or fourth- stringers,” which will limit its effectiveness. The Islamic State also has little ability to reinforce or resupply its fighters, being almost completely surrounded by Iraqi forces.
Civilians are trapped as well and cut off from food supplies. Aid agencies warn about a humanitarian disaster.
“People right now are in trouble. We are hearing reports of parents struggling to feed their children and to heat their homes,” Lise Grande, the U. N. humanitarian coordinator for Iraq, said.
“Children and their families are starting to face critical shortages of safe drinking water,” said Peter Hawkins, a UNICEF representative in Iraq.
“One thing we’ve seen is that the enemy will begin to turn on itself.” Air Force Col. John Dorrian