ON NOVEMBER 10 ...

In 1483 Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant Reformation, was born in Eisleben, Germany.

In 1775 the U.S. Marines were organized under authority of the Continental Congress.

In 1871 journalist-explorer Henry Stanley found missing Scottish missionary David Livingstone in central Africa.

In 1938 Kate Smith first sang Irving Berlin’s “God Bless America” on her CBS radio program.

In 1954 the Iwo Jima Memorial, inspired by the famous Associated Press photograph of the raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi during World War II, was dedicated by President Dwight Eisenhower in Arlington, Virginia.

In 1969 the children’s educational program “Sesame Street” made its debut on PBS.

In 1975 the ore-hauling ship Edmund Fitzgerald and its crew of 29 vanished during a storm in Lake Superior.

In 1982 the newly finished Vietnam Veterans Memorial was opened to its first visitors in Washington, D.C.

In 1989 workers began punching a hole in the Berlin Wall, a day after East Germany abolished its border restrictions.

In 1995, defying international appeals for clemency, Nigeria’s military rulers hanged playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa along with eight other anti-government activists.

In 2001 Apple’s breakthrough MP3 music player, the iPod, officially went on sale. The 5GB device retailed for $399. Also in 2001 the World Trade Organization approved membership for China.

In 2003 longtime newspaper columnist and television personality Irv Kupcinet died in Chicago; he was 91.

In 2004 word reached the United States of the death of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat at age 75. (Because of the time difference, it was the early hours of Nov. 11 in Paris, where Arafat died.)

In 2014 White Sox first baseman Jose Abreu was unanimously named American League Rookie of the Year by the Baseball Writers’ Association of America.

In 2015 Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan were among the dignitaries at St. Sabina Catholic Church for the funeral of 9-year-old Tyshawn Lee, shot to death a week earlier in a South Side alley.