ON NOV. 13 ...

In 354, St. Augustine, the bishop and theologian, was born in present-day Algeria.

In 1775, colonial forces captured Montreal during

the American Revolution.

In 1789, Benjamin Franklin sent a letter to a friend in which he wrote that, “in this world, nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes.”

In 1927, the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River was opened, linking New York and New Jersey.

In 1956, the Supreme Court struck down laws calling for racial segregation on public buses.

In 1979, former California Gov. Ronald Reagan announced in New York his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.

In 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington.

In 1985, Colombia’s Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted, killing 23,000 people and covering 14 towns with an avalanche of ash and mud.

In 1999, Lennox Lewis became the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world, winning a unanimous decision over Evander Holyfield in Las Vegas.

In 2001, Afghanistan’s ruling Taliban abandoned the capital, Kabul, without a fight, allowing U.S.-backed fighters to take over the city. Also in 2001 Bishop Wilton Gregory was elected the first black president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.

In 2002, U.S. Roman Catholic bishops overwhelmingly approved a compromise sex-abuse policy after the Vatican demanded they make changes to balance fairness to priests with compassion for victims.

In 2003, Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore, who had refused to remove his granite Ten Commandments monument from the state courthouse, was thrown off the bench by a judicial ethics panel for having “placed himself above the law.”

In 2013, Hawaii legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2014, separate juries found Paris McGee, 24, and Toyious Taylor, 34, guilty of murdering off-duty Chicago police Officer Thomas Wortham IV in 2010; each man received a life sentence.

In 2015, a series of attacks targeting young concertgoers, soccer fans and Parisians at popular nightspots killed at least 130 people in the French capital, leading President Francois Hollande to declare a state of emergency and seal the country’s borders; Islamic State claimed responsibility.