Samba gets new rhythms 100 years after first recording

Mondaynightsfeel likeSaturdays in Rio’s Little Africa neighborhood when the sun sets and the samba starts to play.

Surrounded by a mostly young crowd, seven musicians sit around a table with the small four-string guitar called a cavaquinho, the cuica drum and a tambourine.

The instruments and the relaxed format, known as a “roda de samba,” has changed little since its infancy inthe late 19th century, when Afro-Brazilians first developed the style in this same neighborhood, officially known as Saude.

“It’s our samba, folks, it’s your samba!” called out percussionist Walmir Pimentel, 34, to applause from the crowd that fought off the evening heat with cold beer and caipirina cocktails.

Pimentel’s group has been playing Monday night “rodas” here at Pedra do Sal square since 2006, performing right at the steps where slaves once unloaded sacks of salt.

The lively performances have helped resurrect the long depressed center of Rio de Janeiro.

But exactly 100 years from the first ever recording of samba— a song calledPeloTelefone (On the Telephone)— the likes of Pimentel are also helping to rejuvenate the venerable art form.

The group Moca Prosa has been breaking new ground at the same symbolic space in the Little Africa neighborhood since 2012.

As the only all-female band in a musical genre which, like much of Brazilian society, suffers from deep sexism, they let the music do their talking.

“At first, there were men in the audience who were shocked, saying, ‘Wow, these girls play samba?’ They looked at us with mistrust, but when the roda started, they saw we played the same,” says singer FabiolaMachado, 35.

Evolution

Samba has its roots among the slaves of Brazil’s northeast Bahia before arriving in Rio, thenthecountry’scapital, where it took form and became the soul of the Brazilian carnival.

Today, samba rhythms and songs are omnipresent, from the February carnivals to dance clubs, and are one of the most internationally recognizable symbols of Brazil.

But the music rooted in Africantraditionshasnotstood still.

Since that recording of Pelo Telefone, samba has picked up layers from the Argentinian tango, the jazz-influenced Bossa Nova, samba-funk and today everything from sambarock to samba-rap.

Oneof the biggest sources of regeneration for samba can be traced to another Rio neighborhood, Lapa, which was also long run-down but re-emerged in the late 1990s as a nightlife hub.

Clubs like Carioca da Gema and Rio Scenarium were catalysts for a more professional and adventurous set of samba musicians like Moyseis Marques, Teresa Cristina, Mariene de Castro, Julio Estrela, Nilze Carvalho and second generation stars, like the children of well-known sambista Serginho Procopio.

“Our generation has this idea that everything is samba. So we have no qualms about adding a guitar or a piano,” says Marques, 37. “We’re seeking more harmony.”

Thelyricsarealsoadaptingto the newsounds and newtimes.

If the historic first recording sang about the then new-fangled telephone, current star Arlindo Cruz peppers his lyrics withtalk of socialnetworksand messaging service WhatsApp.

“Samba is alive, strong and creative,” says historian Andre Diniz, although he adds that the music was not “for the masses. Its fans have an intellectual, middle class aspect”.

At its best, samba continues to bring together old and new, just as the Rio musicians modernized what had originally been a slave tradition in the faraway north-east.

AFP People play music before boarding the Samba Train, the annual special train to carry samba musicians and enthusiasts to the Oswaldo Cruz neighborhood, part of celebrations of the national samba day.