Fall of Mariupol appears at hand; fighters exit plant

Mariupol appeared on the verge of falling to the Russians on Tuesday as Ukraine moved to abandon the steel plant where hundreds of its fighters had held out for months under relentless bombardment, in the last bastion of resistance in the devastated city.

The capture of Mariupol would make it the biggest city to be taken by Moscow’s forces, and would give the Kremlin a badly needed victory, though the landscape has largely been reduced to rubble.

More than 260 fighters, some of them seriously wounded and taken out on stretchers, left the ruins of the Azovstal plant on Monday and turned themselves over to the Russian side in a deal reached by the two nations. Ukrainian authorities said they were working to extract the remaining soldiers from the sprawling steel mill, though how many were still there was unclear.

Russia called the operation a mass surrender. The Ukrainians avoided using that word, and instead said its garrison had completed its mission.

“Ukraine needs Ukrainian heroes to be alive. It’s our principle,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in announcing that troops had begun leaving the mill and its warren of Cold War-era tunnels and bunkers.

Uncertain future

It was not clear what would happen to the fighters. A Russian official cast doubt on whether Moscow would hand all of them back to Ukraine in a prisoner-of-war exchange.

The operation signaled the beginning of the end of a nearly three-month siege that turned Mariupol into a worldwide symbol of defiance and suffering. The Russian bombardment killed over 20,000 civilians, according to the Ukrainian side, and left the remaining inhabitants, perhaps one-quarter of the city’s prewar population of 430,000, with little food, water, heat or medicine.

Among the sites that Russian forces attacked were a maternity hospital and a theater where civilians had sought shelter. Hundreds were reported killed there.

Gaining full control of Mariupol would give Russia an unbroken land bridge to the Crimean Peninsula, which it seized from Ukraine in 2014, and deprive Ukraine of a vital port. It could also free up Russian forces for fighting in the Donbas, the eastern industrial heartland that the Kremlin is bent on capturing.

And it would give Russia an important victory after repeated setbacks on the battlefield and diplomatic front, beginning with the abortive attempt to storm Kyiv, the capital.

Over the past few days, Sweden and Finland announced plans to apply for NATO membership, and Ukraine reported that Moscow’s forces had retreated from around the northeastern city of Kharkiv in the face of counterattacks, and had taken heavy losses in an Ukrainian assault on a pontoon bridge in the Donbas.

The steel plant sprawls over 4 square miles in the otherwise Russian-held city. The soldiers who left were given pat-down searches, loaded onto buses accompanied by Russian military vehicles, and taken to two towns controlled by Moscow-backed separatists. More than 50 of the fighters were seriously wounded, according to both sides.

Vyacheslav Volodin, speaker of the lower house of the Russian parliament, said without evidence that there were “war criminals” among the plant defenders and that they should not be exchanged but tried.

Ukraine highlighted the role that the Azovstal fighters played in boosting Ukrainian morale and tying up Russian forces who couldn’t be deployed elsewhere.

Ukraine Deputy Defense Minister Hanna Maliar heaped praise on the fighters and said it been impossible to liberate them “by military means.”

“Mariupol’s defenders have fully accomplished all missions assigned by the commanders,” she said.

Retired French Vice Adm. Michel Olhagaray, a former head of France’s center for higher military studies, said Azovstal’s fall would be more of a symbolic boost for Russia than a military one, since “factually, Mariupol had already fallen.”

But because the Azovstal defenders’ “incredible resistance” tied down Russian troops, Ukraine can also claim that it came out on top.

“Both sides will be able take pride or boast about a victory — victories of different kinds,” he said.

RUSSIAN DEFENSE MINISTRY PRESS SERVICE — VIA THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Russian servicemen watch Ukrainian military members boarding a bus as they are being evacuated from the besieged Azovstal steel plant in Mariupol, Ukraine, on Tuesday. The Ukrainian fighters were transported to two towns controlled by separatists, officials on both sides said.

EFREM LUKATSKY — THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Ukrainian women picket in front of the Chinese embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine, Tuesday. Wives and mothers of the defenders of Mariupol call on Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Chinese President Xi Jinping to save Ukrainian fighters from the besieged city of Mariupol amid Russia’s war.