Kids’ advocates rip psych tactics that keep children online
Children’s advocates CHICAGO — want the American Psychological Association to condemn the tech industry’s practice of using persuasive psychological techniques to keep kids glued to their screens.
The advocates, citing research that links excessive use of social media and video games with depression and academic troubles, say it’s unethical for psychologists to be involved in tactics that risk harming kids’ well-being. Skeptics say the research is inconclusive, and they note that psychologists have been involved in other industries’ marketing and advertising for decades.
The group seeking intervention includes 60 U.S. psychologists, researchers, children’s advocates and the Children’s Screen Time Action Network, a project of the Boston-based Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood. The network was publishing a letter Wednesday to the American Psychological Association, coinciding with the association’s annual meeting in San Francisco.
“There are powerful psychology principles and technology that are being used against kids in ways that are not in their best interests,” said Josh Golin, executive director of the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood.
That technology uses computers to help figure out what motivates people and influence their online behavior. It’s built on age-old tenets of behavioral psychology that marketers and advertisers have long used to get people to buy their products. The difference is smartphones are ubiquitous, and unlike human marketers, they don’t get tired, said B.J. Fogg, a behavioral scientist at Stanford University who has been called the technology’s pioneer.
Fogg said he has aimed to use persuasive tech to enhance people’s lives. But he also said he has long warned that it has a “dark side,” including potential loss of privacy and the potential for encouraging behavior that isn’t in users’ best interests.
“Families don’t understand why their kids are so strongly attracted and pulled to these devices,” said Richard Freed, a Walnut Creek, California, psychologist who signed the letter. He said the World Health Organization’s decision in June to declare excessive video gaming an addiction shows that the problem is real.
Under Fogg’s model, technology can change a person’s behavior by tapping into hardwired motivations, simplifying the activity and getting people to perform it with a “well-timed” trigger. That could mean an app prompting a person to go running, or it could be an alert persuading someone to spend more time on social media based on his or her innate desire to win acceptance and avoid social rejection.
It’s not just the big tech firms. BuzzFeed reported Tuesday, based on a confidential company memo, that founders of a startup recently acquired by Facebook boasted of using a “psychological trick” — custom social media profiles and mysterious calls to action — to get high schoolers to download a polling app. Facebook later shut down the app.
In job postings, big tech companies have sought psychologists and people with psychology training for research into user experiences. Microsoft’s Xbox user research division is led by psychologists. Amazon looks for hires who “geek out over user research, psychology, ethnography.” Google’s preferred qualification for some positions includes a doctorate in experimental psychology.
Facebook and Google didn’t return requests for comment Tuesday on whether they use psychological persuasion techniques to build digital products for children. Apple said Wednesday that it doesn’t. Microsoft and Amazon declined to comment.