Aloof? For cats, it’s just an act

In the perennial battle over dogs and cats, there’s a clear public relations winner.

Dogs are man’s best friend. They’re sociable, faithful and obedient. Our relationship with cats, on the other hand, is often described as more transactional. Aloof, mysterious and indepen- dent, cats are with us only because we feed them.

Or maybe not. Researchers reported last week that cats were just as strongly bonded to us as dogs or infants, vindicating cat lovers across the land.

“I get that a lot — ‘Well, I knew that; I know that cats like to interact with me,’ ” said Kristyn Vitale, an animal behavior scientist at Oregon State University and lead author of the new study, published in Current Biology. “But in science, you don’t know that until you test it.”

Research into cat behavior has lagged that into dogs. Cats are not social animals, many scientists assumed — and not as easy to work with. But recent studies have begun to plumb the depth of cats’ social lives.

“This idea that cats don’t really care about people or respond to them isn’t holding up,” Vitale said.

In a study in 2017, Vitale and her colleagues found that a majority of cats preferred interacting with a per- son over eating or playing with a toy. In a 2019 study, the researchers found that cats adjusted their behavior according to how much attention a person gave them.

Other researchers have found that cats are sensitive to human emotion and mood and that cats know their names.

Scientists had arrived at

Animal behavior scientist at Oregon State University conflicting findings about whether cats formed attachments to their owners, however, so Vitale and her colleagues designed a study to more explicitly test the hypothesis.

They recruited owners of 79 kittens and 38 adult cats to participate in a “secure base test,” an experiment commonly used to measure bonds that dogs and primates form with caretakers.

A similar test is also used for human infants. It is based on the theory that infants form an innate bond with caretakers that manifests as a strong desire to be near that person.

In the experiment, which lasted six minutes, cat and kitten owners entered an unfamiliar room with their animals. After two minutes, the owner left the room, leaving the cat or kitten alone — a potentially stressful expe- rience for the animal. When the owner returned two minutes later, the researchers observed the feline’s response.

About two-thirds of cats and kittens came to greet their owners when they returned, and then went back to exploring the room, periodically returning to their owners. These animals, the researchers concluded, were securely attached to their owners, meaning they viewed them as a safe base in an unfamiliar situation.

“This may be an adapta- tion of the bond they would have with their parents when they were young,” Vitale said. This behavior, she added, may mean: “Every- thing’s OK. My owner’s back, I feel comforted and reas- sured, and now I can go back to exploring.”

About 35% of cats and kittens displayed insecure attachment: They avoided their owners or clung to them when they came back into the room. This does not mean that these pets have a bad relationship with their owners, Vitale said, but rather that they do not see their owners as a source of security and stress relief.

The findings mirror those found in studies of dogs and human children. In humans, 65% of infants display secure attachment to their caretakers, as do 58% of dogs.

“This result suggests a sim- ilarity in sociality in humans and companion animals,” said Atsuko Saito, a behavioral scientist at Sophia University in Tokyo, who was not involved in the new research. “Investigating this phenomenon will help us better understand the evolution of sociality in animals, including us.”

After t he first round of tests, the researchers enrolled half the kittens used in the study in a training and socialization course. The other half served as a control group.

One day a week for six weeks, kittens played with one a no t her a nd were trained to sit, stay and do tricks. When the course was complete, the researchers repeated the secure base test with the kittens.

They found the same results, meaning the train- ing did not have an effect on kittens’ attachment behav- ior toward their owners. This indicates that once a cat forms a bond, it seems to remain stable over time, Vitale said.

In cats — as in infants and dogs — researchers still do not know all of the factors that shape the caretaker relationship, but it’s likely to be a complex mix of genetics, personality and experience.

It is possible that even more cats are securely bonded to their owners than the new study found, said Mikel Delgado, an ani- mal behavior researcher at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the research.

Unlike dogs and infants, many cats spend nearly all of their time inside, so being in a new environment can be a foreign and frightening expe- rience, she said. For some cats, a fearful response to a stressful situation may take precedence over a secure bond with an owner, so the study results may not fully capture the attachments of some cats.

Testing cats’ responses to strangers, rather than to just their owners, might reveal whether cats are truly bonded to a specific person or are sociable toward humans in general, Delgado added.

Vitale and her colleagues plan to delve more deeply into cats’ relationships with people and to test whether specific interventions can help shelter cats form early bonds that help them feel more secure and get adopted more quickly.

“The more we find out about cats, the more we’re seeing that they are social creatures and that social bonds are really important for them,” she said.

What drives a cat SEATTLE — owner to invent a door that automatically closes when pets try to carry prey into the house? Countless nights of waking up at 3 a.m. to euthanize badly wounded small animals his cat would carry into the house, said Ben Hamm, creator of an artificially intelligent (AI)assisted pet door called Crit- terblock. The contraption consists of a wood-framed glass door that uses computer vision to detect when Hamm’s cat, Metric, tries to sneak a critter through the opening.

“It got so bad that I learned to code, learned to solder and hand label 23,000 images to stop him,” said Hamm, an Amazon employee, as he stood on the main stage during an invention demo at the recent GeekWire Summit.

The final day of the eighth annual technology confer- ence drew more than 800 people in policy, tech, business and media to downtown Seattle’s Hyatt Regency for panels, demos and fireside chats around technology’s impact on society.

Hamm was one of four presenters at the demo, akin to a speed-dating event, where attendees later used an app to vote on their favorite invention. While the cat door didn’t place first, Hamm said the invention has mostly kept his place prey-free; it only “unfairly locks (Metric) out 1% of the time.”

Fed up with the unexpected visitors, Hamm began labeling more than 23,000 images of his cat a year ago and fed the data into Amazon’s online machine learning service, called SageMaker. The device is powered by

MEMORIALIZE YOUR PET

the Amazon Web Services DeepLens camera, which uses a web of computation models to lock the cat door, text Hamm a photo of the detected prey and donate “blood money” to the nonprofit environmental organization Audubon Society, said Hamm during a presentation in June. Four cats are now monitored by Hamm’s invention, which saves images to ensure the device will become more accurate in the future.

In an afternoon fireside chat, Jay Carney, Amazon’s global corporate affairs senior vice president, reiterated the company’s plan to propose facial recognition rules that will be proposed to Congress. “Like any new technology, it can be used powerfullyforgood and potentially for ill,” said Carney. “We’re eager to work with lawmakers and regulators to find that balance.”

He said Amazon has not received any complaints that law enforcement agencies misused Amazon’s facial recognition software. However, a 2016 report by Georgetown Law’s Center on Privacy and Technology found most law enforcement agencies had done little to ensure the accuracy of their facial recognition systems.

Carney said it’s not the tech company’s responsibility to “control how law enforcement agencies use technology,” instead placing the onus on governments and regulators.

The tech conference’s final day demonstrated the pervasiveness of technology in our governments, offices and homes. Now, if only an AIassisted door would kick kittens out of bedrooms when they attack owners’ feet in the middle of the night.

‘The more we find out about cats, the more we’re seeing that they are social creatures and that social bonds are really important for them.’

Kristyn Vitale

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