Enrollment in public health programs surging
HIGHEREDUCATION As the PROVIDENCE, R.I. — novel coronavirus emerged inthe news inJanuary, Sarah Keeley was working as a medical scribe and considering what to do with her biology degree. ByFebruary, as thedisease crept across the U.S., Keeley found her calling: a career in public health. “This is something that’s going to be necessary,” Keeley remembered thinking. “This is something I can do. This is something I’m interested in.” In August, Keeley began studying at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to become an epidemiologist. Public health programs in the United States have seen a surge in enrollment as the coronavirushas swept through the country. As state and local public health departments struggle with unprecedented challenges — slashed budgets, surging demand, staff departures and even threats to workers’ safety — a new generation is entering the fifield. Among themore than 100 schools and public health programs that use the common application — a single admissions application form that students can send to multiple schools— therewas a 20% increase in applications to master’s in public health programs for the current academic year, tonearly 40,000, according to the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. Someprograms are seeing even bigger jumps. Applications to Brown University’s small master’s in public health program rose 75%, according to Annie Gjelsvik, a professor and director of the program. Demandwas so highas the pandemichit full force inthe spring that Brown extended its application deadline by over a month. Seventy students ultimately matriculated this fall, up from 41 last year. “People interested in public health are interested in solving complex problems,” Gjelsvik said. “The COVID pandemic is a complex issue that’s in the forefront every day.” It’s tooearlyto saywhether the jump in interest in public health programs is specifific to that fifield or reflflects a broader surge of interest in graduate programs in general, according to thosewho track graduate school admissions. Factors such as pandemic-related deferrals and disruptions in international student admissions make it diffifficult to compare programs across the board. Magnolia E. Hernández, an assistant dean at Florida International University’s Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, said new student enrollments in its master’sinpublichealthprogram grew63% fromlast year. The school has especially seen an uptick in interest among Black students, from 21% of newly admitted students last fall to 26.8% this year. Kelsie Campbell is one of them. She’s part Jamaican and part British. When she heard in boththeBritishand American media that Black and ethnic minorities were being disproportionately hurt by the pandemic, she wanted to focus on why. “Why is the Black community being impacted disproportionately by the pandemic? Why is that happening?” Campbell asked. “I want to be able to come to you and say, ‘ This is happening. These are the numbers and this is what we’re going to do.’” The biochemistry major at Florida International said she plans to explore that when she begins her MPH programat Stempel College in the spring. She said she hopes to eventually put her public healthdegree towork helping herowncommunity. “There’s power in having peoplefromyourcommunity in high places, somebody to fifight for you, somebody to be your voice,” she said. Public health students are alreadyworking on the front lines of the nation’s pandemicresponseinmanylocations. Students at Brown’s public health program, for example, are crunching infection data and tracing the spread of the disease for the Rhode IslandDepartment of Health. Some students who had planned to work in public health shifted their focus as theywatchedthedevastation of COVID-19 in their communities. In college, Emilie Saksvig, 23, double-majored in civil engineering and public health. She was supposed to start working this year as a Peace Corps volunteer to helpwith water infrastructure in Kenya. She had dreamed of working overseas on global public health. The pandemic forced her to cancel those plans, and she decided instead to pursue a master’s degree in public health at Emory University. “The pandemic hasmade it so that it is apparent that the United States needs a lot of help, too,” she said. “It changed the direction of where I wanted to go.” These students are entering a field that faced serious challenges even before the pandemic exposed the strains on the underfunded patchwork of state and local public health departments. An analysis by The Associated Press andKaiser Health News found that since 2010, per capita spending for state public health departments has dropped by 16%, and for local health departments by 18%. At least 38,000 state and local public health jobs have disappeared since the 2008 recession. And the workforce is aging:
Forty-twopercent of governmental public health workers are over 50, according to the deBeaumont Foundation, and the fifield has high turnover.
Before the pandemic, nearly half of public health workers said they planned to retire or leave their organizations for other reasons in the next fifive years. Poor pay topped the list of reasons. Some public health workers arepaidso little that they qualify for public aid.
BrianCastrucci, CEOof the de Beaumont Foundation, which advocates for public health, said government public health jobs need to be a “destination job” for top graduates of public health schools.
“If we aren’t going after the best and the brightest, it means that the best and the brightest aren’t protecting our nation from those threats that can, clearly,
not only devastate from a humanperspective, but from an economic perspective,” Castrucci said. The pandemic put that already stressed public health workforce in the middle of what became a pitched political battle over how to contain the disease. As public health officials recommended closing businesses and requiring people to wear masks, many, including Dr. Anthony Fauci, the U.S. government’s top virus expert, faced threats and political reprisals, APandKHNfound. Many were pushed out of their jobs. An ongoing count by AP/KHN has found that more than 100 public health leaders in dozens of states have retired, quit or been fifired since April. Those threats have had the effffffffffffect of crystallizing for students the importance of their work, said Patricia Pittman, a professor of health policy and management at George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health. “Our students have been bothindignant andalsoenergized by what it means to become a public health professional,” Pittman said. “Indignant because many of the local and the national leaders who are trying to make recommendations around public health practices were being mistreated. And proud because they know that they are going to be part of that frontline public healthworkforce that has not always gotten the respect that it deserves.” Saksvig compared public health workers to law enforcement in theway they both have responsibility for enforcing rules that canalter people’s lives. “I feel like before the coronavirus, a lot ofpeopledidn’t really pay attention to public health,” she said. “Especially nowwhen something like a pandemic is happening, public health people are just on the forefront of everything.”