INFLUENZA VIRUS

Currently, three general types of influenza vaccine are available: Given as an intramuscular injection. Administered intranasally. Given as an intramuscular injection.

because it mimics a wild-type infection, so all aspects of the immune system are stimulated,” says Craig. “Its primary site of action is in the upper respiratory tract where the virus gains entry, stopping the disease where it starts its infectious process. This vaccine would be recommended for horses with greater exposure, such as boarding stables, racetracks, performance horses or those traveling frequently.”

• Recombinant (canary pox vector), given as an intramuscular injection. These vaccines splice together (“recombine”) portions of DNA from the EIV into the DNA of a harmless canary pox vector. “Recombinant vaccines allow for the safety profile of a killed vaccine while eliciting the same immune response of a modified live vaccine as it stimulates both the humoral and